A five-year agreement concluded between Japan and Germany on November 25, 1936 in Berlin. Officially, it is the collective name for the "Japan-Germany Agreement on Comintern" and the "Secret Supplementary Agreement." It was a response to the establishment of the Popular Front in Spain and France, the intensification of the anti-Japanese movement in China, and the strengthening of Comintern with the Soviet Union at its center. For Japan, it was based on a strong request from the military to check the Soviet Union, break away from international isolation, and smoothly carry out continental policy. In addition to the exchange of information, consultation, and cooperation with Comintern, the secret agreement included a promise that if either country was attacked (or threatened with attack) by the Soviet Union, the other country would not take any measures to ease the burden on the Soviet Union. In November 1937, Italy joined, and it became the Anti-Comintern Pact, which was strengthened to the Tripartite Pact in September 1940. In November 1941, the Anti-Comintern Pact was extended for five years, and Manchukuo, Hungary, Spain, and others also joined. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
1936年 11月 25日ベルリンで,日本とドイツの間に締結された有効期間5年の協定。正式には「コミンテルンに対する日独協定」と「秘密付属協定」の総称。スペイン,フランスの人民戦線の成立,中国の抗日運動の激化,ソ連を中心とするコミンテルンの強化に対応するもので,日本にとってはソ連を牽制し,国際的孤立から脱却し,大陸政策の遂行を円滑に行うという軍部の強い要請に基づくものであった。コミンテルンに関する情報交換,協議と協力などのほかに秘密協定として,一方の国がソ連から攻撃 (または攻撃の脅威) を受けた場合に,他方の国はソ連の負担を軽くするような一切の措置をとらないことなどが約束された。 37年 11月にイタリアが参加して日独伊防共協定となり,40年9月の日独伊三国同盟へと強化された。 41年 11月に日独伊防共協定は5年間延長され,満州国,ハンガリー,スペインなども参加した。
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