This is a hysterical personality in which two completely different personalities alternate in the same person, one of which persists for a long time while the other personality cannot be remembered at all. It is also called dissociative identity disorder. In general, the original personality is conscientious and hardworking, whereas the alternate personality is often hedonistic and dissolute. This type of personality alteration is not necessarily dual, but multiple, and there have been cases in which the individual has 24 personalities. Although there were not many cases, the number of clinicians who were interested in multiple personalities increased in the 1990s, and it is no longer a rare case in Japan. There is no intermediate stage in the alteration of personalities, and when the individual wakes up from sleep, he or she often has a completely different personality, and the previous personality is lost. It is possible to experimentally create a situation similar to a dual personality through hypnotic suggestion, but this clearly shows the difficulty of treating cases of dual personality. This is because it is possible that the therapist is inducing the multiple personality disorder. [Daisaku Tonobayashi and Masamichi Kawabata] Daniel Keyes, translated by Shizuko Horiuchi, "The 24 Billy Milligans: A Record of a Person with Multiple Personalities," Volumes 1 and 2 (1992, Hayakawa Publishing) ▽ Kenichiro Okano, "Dissociative Disorders: Understanding and Treating Multiple Personalities" (2007, Iwasaki Academic Press) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
二つのまったく異なる人格が同一人物のなかに交代して現れ、長期にわたって一方の人格が持続し、他方の人格のことについてはなにも思い出せないようなヒステリー的人格をいう。解離性同一性障害ともいう。一般に、もともとの人格が良心的で勤勉であるのに反して、交代して現れる人格は享楽的で放埒(ほうらつ)な場合が多い。このような人格の交代はかならずしも二重でなく多重であり、24の人格をもつケースも報告されている。症例としてはそれほど多いものではなかったが、1990年代になると多重人格に関心を寄せる臨床家も増え、日本でもまれな症例ではなくなった。人格の交代の中間段階はなく、眠りから覚めるとまったく違った人格になっていることが多く、それ以前の人格は喪失している。催眠暗示によって実験的に二重人格と類似の状況をつくりだすこともできるが、このことは二重人格の症例を扱うときのむずかしさを端的に示している。治療者が多重人格を誘発している可能性があるからである。 [外林大作・川幡政道] 『ダニエル・キイス著、堀内静子訳『24人のビリー・ミリガン――ある多重人格者の記録』上下(1992・早川書房)』▽『岡野憲一郎著『解離性障害――多重人格の理解と治療』(2007・岩崎学術出版社)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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