Let p be the probability that event E occurs in a certain trial. If the trial is repeated independently n times and the number of times E occurs is denoted as X, then X is a random variable, and the probability that X=k, p k =P(X=k), is given by the following equation, where q=1-p. p k = n C k p k q n k [Example 1] If you roll a dice four times, what is the probability of getting a six exactly two times? The above nC k p k q nk is the formula n C 0 q n + n C 1 pq n-1 +…… which is obtained by expanding (q+p) n by the binomial theorem. [Example 2] When a dice is rolled 500 times, find the probability p that the number 1 will appear 80 or more times. The desired probability p is P(a≦X≦b)≒P(α≦Z≦β) [Shigeru Furuya] ©Shogakukan "> Example of binomial distribution (figure) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ある試行において事象Eのおこる確率をpとする。この試行を独立にn回繰り返す場合にEのおこる回数をXと置くと、Xは確率変数であって、X=kとなる確率pk=P(X=k)は、q=1-pとして次式で与えられる。 pk=nCkpkqn-k 〔例1〕さいころを4回投げて、そのうちちょうど2回6の目の出る確率は 前記のnCkpkqn-kは、(q+p)nを二項定理によって展開した式 〔例2〕さいころを500回投げるとき、1の目が80回以上出る確率pを求めよ。 求める確率pは P(a≦X≦b)≒P(α≦Z≦β) [古屋 茂] ©Shogakukan"> 二項分布の例〔図〕 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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