It refers to inflammatory lesions that appear macroscopically as nodules, and is commonly referred to as "flesh tumors" in medicine. Pathologically, inflammation is classified into exudative inflammation, which is mainly caused by circulatory disorders, especially exudation, and granulomatous inflammation, which is characterized by the proliferation of local cells, especially reticuloendothelial cells. Reticuloendothelial cells consist of reticular cells, which are characterized by forming reticular fibers and meshwork structures, histiocytes, which become detached and have a vigorous phagocytic function, and reticuloendothelium, such as Kupffer cells in the liver and capillary endothelium in the bone marrow. It is well known that reticuloendothelial cells are found transformed into giant cells with large cytoplasm and multiple nuclei, such as Langhans giant cells, which are characteristic of tuberculous granulomas. Tuberculosis, syphilis, and leprosy are representative of inflammation that forms granulomas (granulomatous inflammation), but since each of these produces granulomas with a unique shape for a specific cause, they are also known as special inflammations. Furthermore, granulation tissue that occurs as a way to deal with various foreign bodies can be recognized as nodular lesions containing giant cells, and these are called foreign body granulomas. [Yutaka Watanabe] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
肉眼的に結節状にみえる炎症性病変をいい、医学では習慣的に「にくげしゅ」とよぶことが多い。病理学的にいうと、炎症は循環障害、ことに滲出(しんしゅつ)を主体とする滲出性炎症と、局所の細胞、ことに網内系(細網内皮系)細胞の増殖を特徴とする肉芽腫性炎症とに分類される。網内系細胞とは、細網線維と網状構造をつくるのを特徴とする細網細胞と、それが遊離して旺盛(おうせい)な貪食(どんしょく)機能を有するようになる組織球と、肝のクッペルKupffer細胞や骨髄の毛細血管内皮などのような細網内皮とからなるものである。網内系細胞は、結核の肉芽腫に特徴的にみられるラングハンスLanghans型巨細胞のように、巨大な細胞質と多数の核を有する巨細胞に変形して認められることがよく知られている。結核症、梅毒、ハンセン病などが肉芽腫を形成する炎症(肉芽腫性炎症)の代表であるが、これらは、それぞれ特別な病因に対して、それぞれ特殊な形態を示す肉芽腫を生ずるので、別に、特殊性炎症とよぶ習慣もある。さらに種々の異物に対する処理機転として生ずる肉芽組織が、巨細胞を含んだ結節性病変として認められることがあるが、これは異物肉芽腫とよばれる。 [渡辺 裕] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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