...The famous boat mounds are those from Gamla Uppsala and Vendel in Sweden, dating from around 600 to 700, and the 7th century Sutton Hoo in southeast England, with the splendid finds from the latter being on display at the British Museum. The Osebell ship at the Viking Ship Museum in Oslo, Norway, is said to be the burial site of Queen Asa, and is famous for its elegant ship and the many rich and artistic grave goods. When we consider the accounts of the Arab Ibn Fadlan, who witnessed the boat burial of a Swedish Viking chief on the Volga River in the 10th century, his travelogue, the accounts of Beowulf and the Edda, and the boat-shaped stone tombs at Lindholm in Gotland and Denmark, we can see that boat burials were not only a funeral custom for high-ranking royalty and chieftains, but also a reflection of the ancient idea that the dead travel to the afterlife on boats. From [Viking Art]...The somewhat Roman-like naturalism seen in the early period disappeared rapidly, and the forms of the human body and birds and animals were absorbed into the rhythm of patterns (especially braid patterns), a characteristic that is particularly evident in the art of the Great Migration Period in Europe, which has a similar tendency. The fact that this characteristic developed further in the so-called Viking Age is well known from the artifacts (wooden boats, sleds, etc.) excavated from ship tombs such as Oseberg (Norway). In the reliefs decorating them, the animal motifs, stretched like cords and intricately intertwined, are combined with other motifs to form a net-like pattern that is indistinguishable from them. ... *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Osebel" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…スウェーデンのガムラ・ウプサラ,ベンデルの600年から700年ごろにかけてのもの,南東イングランドの7世紀ごろのサットン・フーの船塚墓は有名で,後者の豪華な発掘品は大英博物館に飾られている。ノルウェーのオスロにあるバイキング船博物館にあるオーセベル船は女王アーサを葬ったものとされ,その優美な船と豊かで芸術的な多くの副葬品で名高い。10世紀にボルガ河畔でスウェーデンのバイキングの首長の舟葬を目撃したアラブのイブン・ファドラーンの目撃談《旅行報告書》,《ベーオウルフ》〈エッダ〉などの記述やゴトランドやデンマークのリンドホルムの舟形石墓などを総合すると,舟葬は身分の高い王侯や首長の葬制であるだけでなく,死者が船に乗ってあの世へおもむくという古来の観念が生かされているように思われる。… 【バイキング美術】より…初期に見られた多少ともローマ風の自然主義は急速に消えて,文様的(とくに組紐文的)リズムの中に人体や鳥獣の形が吸収され,同様の傾向をもつヨーロッパ各地の民族大移動期の美術の中でもとくに顕著にこの特色を発揮している。このような特色がいわゆる〈バイキング時代〉に入ってさらに大きく発展したことは,オーセベルOseberg(ノルウェー)などの船葬墳からの出土品(木造の舟,橇(そり)など)によってよく知られる。それらを飾る浮彫では,紐状に引き伸ばされ複雑に絡みあった動物文が他の文様とも結合してそれと判別できぬほど網状に文様化されている。… ※「オーセベル」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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