Keystone Comedy

Japanese: キーストン・コメディ - きーすとんこめでぃ
Keystone Comedy

...One of the origins of film is comedy. A gardener's son steps on the hose of a gardener who is watering the garden. At the same time that the gardener looks into the hose, the mischievous son raises his foot. The gardener, soaked, chases after his son. This is an improvised skit titled "The Watering Man" (1895), one of the "Cinematographs" by the Lumiere brothers, one of the inventors of film, but it already contains a basic gag based on the movements of the characters. Roughly speaking, comedy films are divided into two categories: slapstick, which makes people laugh with action scenes of chase, and situation comedy, which focuses on the humor of comical situations and the dialogue surrounding them. ...

From [Slapstick]

...In film history, slapstick is considered to be the legitimate successor to the early "chasers" and the legitimate ancestor of comedies by Chaplin, Lloyd, Keaton, and others who built the Golden Age of comedy later on. Strictly speaking, it should be called burlesque or farce rather than comedy, but a representative example is slapstick, called "Keystone Comedies," produced by Mack Sennett at Keystone Company (established in 1912). In his autobiography, "The King of Comedy" (1954), Sennett said that the inventor of slapstick was a Frenchman, and that he stole the original idea from the Pathé comedies centered around Max Randel, and that he learned techniques and tricks that are only possible in film, such as exaggerated slapstick movements, such as "frame dropping" and reverse rotation, from DW Griffith. ...

From Senet

…He became a comedic actor under D.W. Griffith and wrote the screenplay for The Lonely Villa (1909), which was directed by Griffith. In 1912, he was appointed head of the comedy division of Keystone, a film company newly established by Adam Kessel and Charles Bowman, and launched the era of Keystone comedies, featuring group slapstick acts such as pie throwing, Keystone cops, and bathing suit beauties, with such eccentric actors as Ford Sterling, Mabel Normand, Fred Mace, Roscoe Arbuckle, Mack Swain, and Charles Murray. He also directed early on, but later took charge as a producer and supervisor, and in 1914 he invited Chaplin from the stage and helped him launch his career as a big star. …

*Some of the terminology that refers to "Keystone Comedy" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…映画の一つの起源は喜劇である。散水中の庭師のホースを,その息子が踏む。庭師が筒先をのぞくと同時に,いたずら息子が足を上げる。ぐしょぬれになった庭師は息子を追っかける。これは,映画の発明者の一人リュミエール兄弟の〈シネマトグラフ〉の1本,《水をかけられた水撒き人》(1895)と題する即興的な寸劇だが,人物の動きによる基本的なギャグが,すでにここにある。喜劇映画は,おおまかにいって,追いつ追われつのアクションで笑わせるスラプスティックslapstick(どたばた)と,こっけいな状況や,それにまつわる会話のおかしさが眼目のシチュエーション・コメディの二つの流れに分けられる。…

【スラプスティック】より

…スラプスティックは,初期の〈追っかけもの〉の正統な後継者であり,のちに黄金時代を築いたチャップリン,ロイド,キートンなどの喜劇の正統な祖先でもあるというのが映画史的な評価になっている。それは,厳密にいえばコメディというよりもむしろバーレスク,もしくはファース(笑劇)とよぶべきものであったが,その代表的なものは,マック・セネットがキーストン社(1912設立)で製作した〈キーストン・コメディ〉とよばれるスラプスティックである。セネットは自伝《キング・オブ・コメディ》(1954)のなかで,スラプスティックを発明したのはフランス人であり,なかでもマックス・ランデルを中心にしたパテー社の喜劇から自分は最初のアイデアを盗んだのだと述べ,また,誇張したどたばた的所作,たとえば〈コマ落し〉や逆回転のような映画だけに可能な技術やトリックはD.W.グリフィスから学びとったという。…

【セネット】より

…D.W.グリフィスの下で喜劇俳優となり,また同監督の《The Lonely Villa》(1909)の脚本を書いたりした。12年,アダム・ケッセルとチャールズ・ボーマンが新設したキーストンという映画会社のコメディ部門の主宰者として起用され,フォード・スターリング,メーベル・ノーマンド,フレッド・メース,ロスコー・アーバックル,マック・スウェイン,チャールズ・マーレーらの珍優陣による〈パイ投げ〉〈キーストン・コップス(警官隊)〉〈水着美人〉等々を駆使した集団スラプスティックが売りものの,いわゆるキーストン・コメディの時代をひらく。初期には監督もしたが,やがて製作,監修の立場で指揮をとり,14年には舞台からチャップリンを呼び,大スターとしてのスタートを切らせた。…

※「キーストン・コメディ」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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