balloon frame construction

…Singles, made by splitting cedar or oak into thin boards and then laying them on top of each other in a scale-like pattern, are used for both roofs and walls. They are resistant to wind and rain and are still popular today. In the United States, mass production of nails became possible in the 1830s, and balloon frame construction was established, in which machine-sawn 2-inch by 4-inch (two-by-four) lumber was assembled by nailing alone without using tenons, which greatly promoted the development of the west. In response to the shortage of lumber, technology was developed to assemble relatively thin and thin lumber. At first, dowels (non-slip iron rivets) were used and bolts were fastened to the lumber, but after World War II, adhesives made rapid advances, making it possible to build lumber of any size without metal fittings, and we are now looking forward to the development of a completely new type of wooden building. …

*Some of the terminology that refers to "balloon frame construction" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…また，スギやナラを割って薄板にし，それらをうろこ状に張りあげるシングルshingle(木瓦（きがわら）)ぶきは，屋根にも壁にも適用され，風雨に強く，今日でも愛用されている。アメリカでは1830年代から釘の大量生産が可能となり，機械で製材した2インチに4インチ(いわゆるツーバイフォー)の規格材を，枘（ほぞ）を用いず釘打ちだけで組立ててゆくバルーン･フレーム構造balloon frame constructionが確立し，これが西部開拓をおおいに促進した。木材の不足に対応して，比較的細く薄い木材を集成する技術も発展し，初めはジベル(すべり止め鉄鋲)をはさみ，ボルト締めして集成したが，第2次大戦後は接着剤が急速に進歩したので，いかなる大きさの集成材も金物なしで作れるようになり，現在ではまったく新しいタイプの木造建築の展開が期待されるようになっている。…

※「balloon frame construction」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報