Nouveau riche - Narikin

Japanese: 成金 - なりきん
Nouveau riche - Narikin

A person who accumulated wealth in a short period of time through commodity and stock speculation. The name comes from the fact that in shogi, when a pawn enters the enemy camp, it becomes a gold piece. During the economic boom of World War I, businessmen who accumulated wealth so rapidly that they were called "one night daijin" (making a fortune overnight) were particularly famous as nouveau riche (Taisho no narikin). As the war in Europe halted the import of heavy chemical industrial products, demand for military supplies such as ships, steel products, and chemical products increased, and prices of these products, especially, soared in a short period of time. For example, the average market price of pig iron in 1914 (Taisho 3) rose from 49 yen per ton to 541 yen in September 1918, and the price of ships soared from the prewar price of about 300,000 yen for a used 5,000-ton ship to 3 million yen in 1916.

This post-war economic boom encouraged speculation and gave rise to nouveau riche men who made huge profits through speculation. A typical example is shipping tycoon Uchida Nobuya, who went from being an employee of Mitsui & Co. to becoming a multimillionaire in one fell swoop. In 1914, when the Great War began, Uchida left Mitsui & Co. and opened Uchida Kisen in Kobe with capital of 20,000 yen and one ship. He became involved in coal transport and ship trading, and just three years after opening the company he had become a major businessman with capital of 10 million yen and 17 ships. The 600% dividend on Uchida Kisen's stock in 1916 speaks to the extraordinary magnitude of the huge profits made by the shipping tycoons during this period. Other nouveau riche boatmen included Yamamoto Tadasaburo, nicknamed "Tiger Maniac" because he hunted tigers twice in Korea, and Yamashita Kamesaburo, nicknamed "Mud Turtle." There were also nouveau riche stock, iron and mine tycoons. These nouveau riche who rose from mere small merchants to "millionaires" were envied and jealous by ordinary people, and the term "nouveau riche" became a popular word during this period, with the book "Nouveau riche problem" (by Chihara Inokichi) being published in many editions and a newspaper editorial titled "The meaning of nouveau riche" (Tokyo Nichi Nichi Shimbun, February 5, 1916). However, with the end of World War I and the end of the war boom, many nouveau riche disappeared like bubbles, especially during the reactionary depression that began in March 1920 (Taisho 9).

[Soichi Takeuchi]

"The Nouveau Riche's World" by Kunimitsu Shiro (included in "100 Years of the Japanese, Vol. 9", 1972, Sekai Bunka Publishing) " "The Nouveau Riche Era" by Umezu Kazuo (Kyoikusha History Paperback)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

商品投機や株式投機などで短期間に富の蓄積を行った人。将棋で「歩」が敵陣に入ると「金」に成ることに由来する。第一次世界大戦の好況期に「一夜大尽(だいじん)」とよばれるような急速な富の蓄積を行った事業家がとくに成金(大正成金)として有名。ヨーロッパにおける戦争の影響で重化学工業製品の輸入が途絶したため、船舶、鉄鋼製品、化学製品などの軍需関連物資の需要が高まり、これらの商品を中心に短期間のうちに商品価格が急騰。たとえば銑鉄は1914年(大正3)の平均市価、トン当り49円が18年9月には541円に、船価は5000トン型中古船の戦前価格約30万円が16年には300万円に暴騰したごとくである。

 こうした大戦景気は思惑と投機を助長し、投機で巨利を手にする成金を輩出した。三井物産社員から一挙に大資産家となった船成金内田信也(うちだのぶや)などはその典型である。世界大戦が始まった1914年、内田は三井物産を退社し、資本金2万円、船舶一隻で神戸に内田汽船を開業、石炭輸送や船舶取引にかかわるなどして、開業後わずか3年後に、資本金1000万円、所有船17隻の大事業家となった。16年の内田汽船の株式配当60割という数字は、この間の船成金の巨利の異常さを物語っているといえよう。このような船成金には、ほかに、朝鮮で二度も虎(とら)狩りをしたことから「虎大尽」とよばれた山本唯三郎(たださぶろう)、「泥亀(どろかめ)」とよばれた山下亀三郎(かめさぶろう)などがおり、株成金、鉄成金、鉱山成金なども輩出した。一介の小商人から「百万長者」へとのし上がっていったこれらの成金に対して、庶民は羨望(せんぼう)と嫉妬(しっと)の感情を抱き、『成金問題』(千原伊之吉著)という本が版を重ねたり、新聞の社説に「成金の意義」(1916年2月5日付け『東京日日新聞』)が載るなどして、成金という用語はこの時期の流行語となった。しかし第一次大戦が終結し、大戦ブームが去っていくなかで、とりわけ20年(大正9)3月以降の反動恐慌期には泡のように消えていった成金も多かった。

[竹内壮一]

『邦光史郎著『成金の天下』(『日本人の100年 九』所収・1972・世界文化社)』『梅津和郎著『成金時代』(教育社歴史新書)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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