During school hours (English spelling: Ji-shi-zhong; bhi-shih-chung)

Japanese: 給事中 - きゅうじちゅう（英語表記）Ji-shi-zhong; bhi-shih-chung

A Chinese official title. In the Qin and Han dynasties, it was merely a title given to officials who had access to the imperial court, but in the Six Dynasties it became a regular official and belonged to the Ministry of Menxia. In the Sui and Tang dynasties, it also belonged to the Ministry of Menxia. In the Sui dynasty, it was called Juji Lang, but in the Tang it was called Juji Chu again, and it played an important role as a Qing official with the authority to review and refute memorials and imperial edicts of the emperor in response to public opinion from the aristocracy. With the decline of the aristocracy, it became an empty title for a time, but was revived after Emperor Shenzong of the Northern Song dynasty, and in the Ming dynasty, it was divided into six departments and supervised the affairs of the six ministries, and in the Qing dynasty, it continued its function as a member of the Toseiyuan.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中国の官名。秦，漢では宮中に出入りする諸官に加えられる肩書にすぎなかったが，六朝時代には正官となり門下省などに属した。隋，唐も門下省に属し，隋では給事郎と称したが唐で給事中に復し，貴族の世論を受けて上奏文や天子の詔勅を審査駁正する権能をもつ清官として重きをなした。貴族制の衰退につれ一時空名化したが，北宋の神宗以降復活し，明では六科に分れて六部の事務を監察し，清代にも都察院に所属してその機能を引継いだ。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

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