Narayasi Chinzan - Narayasi Chinzan

Dutch interpreter in the mid-Edo period. Founder of Narabayashi-ryu surgery. Born in Nagasaki. His given names were Tokitoshi and Haruiku, and common names were Hikoshiro, Shinuemon, and Shingo (Go)bei. He shaved his head and took the name Eikyu. His pen names were Chinzan and Tokushoken. He began studying Dutch in 1656 (Meireki 2), and was promoted to junior interpreter in 1666 (Kanbun 6) and to senior interpreter in 1686 (Jokyo 3). He began translating Ambroise Paré's surgical book (a Dutch translation of the 1649 book) that he received as a gift from Willem Hoffman, a physician at the trading post. He added his own case history as well as knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine, and completed the "Koui Surgery Soden" in 1706 (Hoei 3) (with a preface by Kaibara Ekiken, September of the same year). He studied surgery, and in 1692 (Genroku 5), he handed over his interpreting position to his son Eiri and began practicing surgery. In 1698, he was forced to retire from school for allegedly aiding the Dutch. After retiring, he took the name Eikyu and devoted himself to medicine. He was called to become the court physician by Shogun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, but refused, and he also refused repeated invitations from Kuroda Tsunamasa (1659-1711) of Chikuzen. He enjoyed haiku poetry with Kyorai and others, and took the name Taho. In 1915 (Taisho 4), he was awarded the rank of Shogoi.

[Tetsuo Suenaka]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸中期のオランダ通詞。楢林流外科の開祖。長崎生まれ。名は時敏・春育、通称は彦四郎・新右衛門・新五（吾）兵衛。剃髪(ていはつ)して栄休と名のる。号は鎮山・得生軒。1656年（明暦2）からオランダ語を学び始め、1666年（寛文6）小通詞、1686年（貞享3）大通詞に栄進。商館医ホフマンWillem HoffmanからパレAmbroise Paréの外科書（1649年刊のオランダ語訳）を贈られて翻訳に着手、漢方医学知識のほか自家症例を加えて1706年（宝永3）『紅夷外科宗伝』（同年9月貝原益軒序）を完成している。紅毛外科を学び、1692年（元禄5）通詞職を子栄理に譲り、外科を業とした。1698年オランダ人に加担したとの理由で閉門。退職後栄休と称し医学に専念した。将軍徳川綱吉(つなよし)から御典医に召されたが固辞、筑前(ちくぜん)の黒田綱政（1659―1711）からの再三の招きも固辞した。去来らと俳諧(はいかい)を楽しみ陀方と号した。1915年（大正4）正五位を贈られた。

［末中哲夫］

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