Nagasaki Magistrate - Nagasaki Bugyo

A job title in the Edo Shogunate. One of the magistrates of distant provinces. Originated from Terazawa Hirotaka, lord of Karatsu Castle in Hizen, who continued to hold the position of Nagasaki magistrate from the Toyotomi administration. Initially, it was one person, but in 1633 (Kan'ei 10), it became two people. After that, there were periods when it was one, three, or four people, but generally two people was the fixed number. One of them worked in Nagasaki and the other worked at the Edo official residence, and they rotated in Nagasaki every September (in 1744 (Enkyo 1) the rotation was changed to October). Control of the senior councilor, salary of 1,000 koku, salary of 4,402 straw bales and 1 to, Shodaifu, Fuyokan. He had 10 yoriki (police officers) and 30 doshin (police officers) as subordinates (at the end of the Edo period, the Nagasaki Magistrate's Control Group Leader and the Nagasaki Magistrate's Control Inspector were established), who controlled the Goyomonoyaku (official officers of the government), the town elders, and other local officials, and was in charge of all aspects of administration, including Nagasaki's trade, diplomacy, justice, the coast guard, town administration, accounting, and personnel affairs for local officials. In addition to his salary, his official income included "Hassaku Reigin", a monetary gift given on the first day of August by various lower-level officials, townspeople, mainland merchants, Chinese merchants, and Dutch people, silver revenues from "Oshirabemono", one of the so-called "exclusions" that were the privilege of first purchase of imported goods at the original price, and gifts from various feudal domains. It is believed that he also had a considerable amount of secret income in addition to this. There were two official residences: the Tateyama Magistrate's Office in Tateyama, Iwahara-go, and the Nishi Magistrate's Office in Hokaura-cho. They were appointed by various officials, including inspectors and officials, but after they left their posts, retired officers were prominent until around the Kyoho era (1716-1736), and then, towards the end of the Edo period, they were promoted or transferred to various posts, such as the Finance Magistrate.

[Kitahara Akio]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸幕府の職名。遠国(おんごく)奉行の一つ。豊臣(とよとみ)政権から引き続き長崎代官の地位にあった肥前唐津(からつ)城主寺沢広高を起源とする。当初は一人役、1633年（寛永10）に二人役となった。以後一人、三人、四人役の時期もあったが、一般に二人役をもって定数とした。このうち1人は長崎に在勤、1人は江戸役宅に勤務、毎年9月に長崎で交代した（1744年〈延享一〉に10月交代となる）。老中支配、役高1000石、役料4402俵1斗、諸大夫(しょだいふ)、芙蓉(ふよう)間詰。属僚に与力(よりき)10騎、同心30人があり（幕末に長崎奉行支配組頭、同支配調役など設置）、御用物役、町年寄をはじめ地役人(じやくにん)を支配し、長崎の貿易、外交、司法、海警、町方行政、計理、地役人人事など行政上の万般をつかさどった。役料のほか公認の収入に、8月朔日(ついたち)に地下(じげ)諸役人、町人、内地商人、唐商、蘭人(らんじん)から贈られる金品「八朔(はっさく)礼銀」、輸入品の元値先買特権であるいわゆる「除き物」の一つである「御調物(おしらべもの)」からあがる益銀、また諸藩からの付け届けがあった。まだこのほかにも相当の裏収入があったものと推測される。役屋敷は岩原郷立山(たてやま)の立山奉行所、外浦(ほかうら)町の西奉行所の2か所であった。目付はじめ役方・番方諸役から補任(ぶにん)されたが、離任後は享保(きょうほう)（1716～36）ころまで退役者が目だち、そののち幕末にかけては勘定(かんじょう)奉行など諸役へ昇進・転出した。

［北原章男］

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