Long coat - Nagagi

Japanese: 長着 - ながぎ
Long coat - Nagagi

It is the core of Japanese clothing, and when people say "kimono," they are usually referring to this long garment. In the early Showa period, the word "long garment" was written in a sewing instruction book from the Ministry of Education, and it has since become a commonly used word. Long garments come in single-layer, double-layer, cotton-padded, and layered styles, and are worn according to the season. Single-layer long garments are the basis for long garments in terms of both shape and sewing. Long garments vary slightly in shape depending on gender and age, but are generally the same. For long garments, two sleeves (4 ken), two body pieces (4 ken), two collar pieces (2 ken), one collar piece (1 ken), and one collar piece (1 ken). The sleeves and body are of standard width, while the collar, collar, and shared collar are half-width and rectangular, and are assembled and sewn together as is. The names of each part are standardized, but some have special names depending on the shape.

Genroku sleeves, long sleeves, and furisode sleeves are used for women, while tamoto sleeves are used for men. The names of each part are the same for all, including sleeve cap, sleeve length, sleeve underside, sleeve cuff, sleeve bottom roundness, sleeve width, and sleeve attachment, and the part below the sleeve attachment is called furi, or yatsuguchi, furi yatsuguchi for women, and ningyo for men. The body has a back body and a front body, which are connected at the shoulder cap from the front to the back. The length from the shoulder cap to the hem is called the body length. The names of each part when viewed from the back body are the collar and shoulder opening, carryover, back, sleeve attachment, body eight-mouth, armpit, shoulder width, and back width. From the front body side, there are further names such as collar drop, hugging width, and front width. The collar and shoulder opening is left on the back at the shoulder cap, and for women, carryover is added. The collar is attached to make the collar look beautiful when worn. There are three basic ways to attach the collar: by sewing it in, by attaching it by hem, and by cutting it out. The third method gives the best shape around the collar and shoulders, and is easy to sew.

For women's clothing, the length is made by adding a hem to the length. The hem length varies depending on the fabric and the way it is worn, but is generally 25 to 30 centimeters. This depends on where the koshihimo (waist string) is tied. For men's clothing, the length is made to fit just right when worn. This is called the length or tsuketake. When cutting the fabric, the length is added to the cut and the hem is placed at the waist below the obi for the purpose of making it easier to repair. No carryover is used for men's clothing. The collar is attached to the front of the body, from the collar drop position to the hem. The collar width is the measurement at the hem, and the width of the collar at the collar position is called the aizuma width. The aizuma width is 1.5 centimeters narrower than the collar width for women, and 1 centimeter narrower for men because the collar position is lower. There are two types of collars for women: bat-collars and wide-collars, and generally, yukatas have bat-collars. Men's collars are narrow-collared (bo-eri). The shared collar is placed over the collar, and the best position for the shared collar is 7-10cm below the collar tip for women, and 15cm below for men. The space between the left and right collar shoulder openings is called the mitsue-eri, and a mitsue-eri core is placed between them to make the collar even in thickness.

Tailoring methods vary depending on the material. Cotton fabrics such as yukata and kasuri cotton are called standard tailoring, with a double stitch at the back and edge quilting at the seams of the sides, collar and sleeves. Shoulder pads are attached to the shoulders and lining at the waist, in areas that are prone to sweat, friction and pulling. Silk fabrics such as crepe and rinzu, as well as thin fabrics such as ro, gauze and jofu, are all made using the high-quality tailoring method. The edges of the seams are finished with folded quilting, a back lining is attached to the back, but no lining is attached. A stiffening cloth is attached to reinforce the collar, and no shoulder pads are attached. The end of the hem is also framed. For woolen fabrics, the sides and sleeves are split, the seams are finished with folded quilting, and the hem ends are framed. For women's collars, silk, thin fabrics, and woolen fabrics are wide.

Since children are in the growth stage, the sleeve length and body length are made longer than the sleeve length and body length, and the shoulders and waists are raised, allowing the length to increase as the child grows. Other features include a curved collar line, a good joint at the front, and the addition of a string. Depending on the age, they are called small cut or medium cut, and depending on the cutting method, there are hitomi, mitsumi, and yotsumi, and the length required also differs. Hitomi is for 1-2 year olds, and the back body uses one width of fabric, requiring one-third of a bolt of fabric (3.8 meters). Medium cut yotsumi cuts are for 4-7 year olds, and have a tsumami hem, and two pieces can be made from one bolt of fabric. For children 8 years old and over, one piece is made from two-thirds of a bolt of fabric.

[Yasu Fujimoto]

[Reference item] | Awase | Hitoe | Furisode
Names of each part of a hitoe kimono (men's hitoe long kimono)
©Katsuya Nishikawa ">

Names of each part of a hitoe kimono (men's hitoe long kimono)

Names of each part of a hitoe kimono (women's hitoe long kimono)
©Katsuya Nishikawa ">

Names of each part of a hitoe kimono (women's hitoe long kimono)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

和服の中心をなしているもので、普通「着物」という場合、この長着をさしている。昭和初期、文部省の裁縫教授書に長着の語が記され、その後一般に用いられるようになった語である。長着には単(ひとえ)、袷(あわせ)、綿入れ、襲(かさね)などがあり、季節によって着用する。単長着は形態構成、縫製上ともに長着の基本となっている。長着は性別、年齢別によって形態をやや異にする点があるが、総体的には同じである。長着は着尺1反(幅36センチメートル、総用尺11~12メートル)から、袖(そで)2枚4丈(たけ)、身頃(みごろ)2枚4丈、衽(おくみ)2枚2丈、衿(えり)1枚1丈、共衿1枚1丈を裁断する。袖、身頃は並幅、衽、衿、共衿は半幅でそれぞれ直方形であり、これをこのまま組み合わせて縫合する。各部の名称も統一されているが、形態の違いによって特殊な名称のついているものもある。

 袖の種類は、女物には元禄(げんろく)袖、長袖、振袖、男物には袂(たもと)袖が用いられる。各部の名称はいずれも同様で、袖山、袖丈、袖下、袖口、袖口下丸み、袖幅、袖付けがあり、袖付けから下を女物は振り、または八つ口、振り八つ口、男物は人形(にんぎょう)という。身頃は後ろ身頃、前身頃があり、これは肩山で前後一連に続いている。肩山から裾(すそ)までの丈を身丈という。後ろ身頃から見て各部の名称をあげると、衿肩あき、繰り越し、背、袖付け、身八つ口、脇(わき)、肩幅、後ろ幅。前身頃側からは、さらに衽下がり、抱き幅、前幅の名称がある。肩山で背側に衿肩あきをあけ、女物には繰り越しをつける。繰り越しは、着装時の衣紋(えもん)の美しさを出すためにつける。繰り越しのつけ方の基本は、縫い込んでつける、内揚げによってつける、切り取ってつけるの3種があり、衿付けの衿肩回りの形がよく、縫いやすいのは第三の方法である。

 身丈は、女物の場合は着丈におはしょり分を加えた寸法に仕立てる。おはしょり分は布地、着装法により異なるが、25~30センチメートルが一般的である。これは腰紐(こしひも)を締める位置によって左右される。男物は着装したときちょうどよい身丈に仕立てる。これを着丈または対丈(ついたけ)にするという。布地の裁断にあたり、仕立て返しに役だたせる目的で、揚げ分を着丈に加えて裁ち、帯下腰の位置に揚げをする。男物には繰り越しはつけない。衽は、衽下がりの位置から裾まで、前身頃につける。衽幅は裾での寸法をいい、衿下の位置の衽の幅を合褄(あいづま)幅という。合褄幅は女物は衽幅より1.5センチメートル狭くし、男物は衿下の位置が低いから1センチメートル狭くする。衿は、女物にはばち衿と広衿とがあり、一般的に浴衣(ゆかた)の衿はばち衿とする。男物は狭衿(せまえり)(棒衿)とする。共衿は衿の上にかけ、女物の共衿先は衽先より7~10センチメートル、男物は15センチメートル下がった位置が形がよい。左右衿肩あきの間を三つ衿といい、衿の厚みをそろえる目的で、三つ衿芯(しん)をその間に入れる。

 仕立て方は材料によって異なる。浴衣、絣(かすり)木綿などの綿織物は並仕立てといい、背は二重縫い、脇(わき)、衽付け、袖付けの縫い代(しろ)の始末は耳絎(ぐ)けとする。汗や摩擦また引っ張られやすいところ、肩には肩当て、腰には居敷当てをつける。縮緬(ちりめん)、綸子(りんず)などの絹織物、絽(ろ)、紗(しゃ)、上布などの薄物はともに上仕立てにする。縫い代の始末は折り絎けとし、背には背伏布(せぶせぬの)をつけ、居敷当てはつけない。衿付けの補強として力布をつけ、肩当てはつけない。また褄先(つまさき)は額縁(がくぶち)にする。毛織物は脇、袖付けを割り仕立てにし、縫い代の始末は折り絎けとし、褄先は額縁とする。女物の衿は、絹織物、薄物、毛織物は広衿とする。

 子供は成長期にあるから、裄丈(ゆきたけ)、身丈を着裄、着丈よりも長く仕立て、肩揚げ、腰揚げをし、成長にしたがって丈を長くしていく便法が用いられている。また衿付け線を湾曲させ、前の打合せをよくし、付け紐(ひも)をつけるなどの特徴がある。年齢によって小裁ち、中裁(ちゅうだ)ちといい、裁ち方によって一つ身、三つ身、四つ身があり、用尺も異なる。一つ身は1~2歳用で、後ろ身頃は布幅1幅を用い、3分の1反(3.8メートル)を要する。中裁ちの四つ身裁ちは4~7歳向きで、つまみ衽とし、これは1反で2枚できる。8歳以上の場合は、3分の2反で1枚がつくられる。

[藤本やす]

[参照項目] | | 単衣 | 振袖
単衣の各部名称(男物単長着)
©西川勝也">

単衣の各部名称(男物単長着)

単衣の各部名称(女物単長着)
©西川勝也">

単衣の各部名称(女物単長着)


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Pinhole borer (long wood beetle)

>>:  Yoichi Nakagawa

Recommend

Local Improvement Movement

After the Russo-Japanese War, the Ministry of Home...

Oil paper - Aburagami

A processed paper made by applying drying oils su...

Sacred tree

In the broad sense, a tree that is considered sac...

Gift certificate - shohinken (English spelling) gift certificate

A type of bearer security that is prepaid and pay...

Kendrew, JC

… Meanwhile, the X-ray crystal structure analysis...

Yamatototohimomosohime no Mikoto

A daughter of Emperor Korei who appears in the Koj...

Myo-o-in Temple

This Shingon sect Daikakuji temple is located in ...

Ide Tate

...The Oboroke River and the Nyu River, which ori...

Eunuch - Engineer

eunuch. See the entry for the character '閹'...

IL-1 - IL-1

…B cells undergo a similar process of division an...

Sakuotoko - Saku man

A live-in servant in a farming household. They ar...

Minamiashigara [city] - Minamiashigara

A city in western Kanagawa Prefecture. It was inco...

Yuwakai (English: Fellowship of Reconciliation)

FOR is an international Christian peace organizati...

Unjo-kata

〘Noun〙 A subdivision of the accounting department ...

Ubaid culture - Ubaid culture

An ancient culture of Mesopotamia. Named after the...