mousikē (English spelling) mousike

Japanese: mousikē(英語表記)mousike
mousikē (English spelling) mousike

…However, the concept of music in the West has undergone some changes. The common origin of the words music in English, Musik in German, musique in French, and musica in Italian is the Greek mousikē, which originally meant the arts administered by the goddesses known as the Muses (Muses in English), and included not only the art of music in the narrow sense, but also the art of poetry as something recited, dance, and other time arts unified by rhythm. This comprehensive concept of music collapsed in the Middle Ages in Europe, and instead was replaced by the concept of music as a speculative science positioned in the septem artes liberales, and the concept of practical music that actually resonates on the premise of performance. The latter gradually evolved into a sophisticated sound structure that includes rhythm theory, pitch theory, and other theories as polyphonic music developed from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance.

From Greek Music


[Ancient Greece]
The English word "music" used today in European countries comes from the Greek word mousikē. Mousikē was originally a comprehensive concept consisting of poetry, music, and dance, but gradually the elements of poetry and dance were dropped and it came to refer only to music.

From [Folk Performing Arts]

…Kagura, Kabuki, Kyogen, Puppet Theatre, Joruri Noh [Misumi Haruo]
[Folk performing arts outside Japan]
The first distinctive feature of the performing arts that have been practiced among the peoples of various ethnic groups is their comprehensive artistic character. Not only the Japanese term "geino" (art), but also the Greek term "mousikē" and the Indian term "nāṭya" in ancient societies, as well as the modern English term "performing arts" and the Indonesian term "karawitan" all refer to cultural phenomena that organically incorporate elements of dance, music, theater, literature, and other arts. However, it is not appropriate to label these as undifferentiated and to consider them to be in the preliminary stages of development in light of the modern European view of art, which tends to make music and literature seem to have differentiated, become independent, and become autonomous.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "mousikē" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…しかし,西欧の〈音楽〉に関する概念にもそれなりの変遷があった。英語のミュージックmusic,ドイツ語のムジークMusik,フランス語のミュジックmusique,イタリア語のムージカmusicaなどの語の共通の語源とされるのは,ギリシア語の〈ムシケmousikē〉であるが,それはそもそも〈ムーサMousa〉(英語でミューズMuse)として知られる女神たちのつかさどる技芸を意味し,その中には狭義の音芸術のほか,朗誦されるものとしての詩の芸術,舞踊など,リズムによって統合される各種の時間芸術が包含されていた。このように包括的な〈音楽〉の概念は,ヨーロッパ中世においては崩壊し,それに代わって思弁的な学として〈自由七科septem artes liberales〉の中に位置づけられる〈音楽〉と演奏行為を前提として実際に鳴り響く実践的な〈音楽〉の概念が生まれたが,後者は中世からルネサンスにかけてのポリフォニー音楽の発展につれて,しだいにリズム理論,音程理論などを内部に含む精緻な音の構築物へと進化した。…

【ギリシア音楽】より


[古代ギリシア]
 今日ヨーロッパ各国で用いられている〈音楽〉を表す英語musicなどの語はギリシア語のムシケmousikēに由来する。ムシケは本来,詩と音楽と舞踊からなる包括的な概念であったが,しだいに詩と舞踊の要素が抜け音楽のみを指すようになる。…

【民俗芸能】より

…神楽歌舞伎狂言人形浄瑠璃能【三隅 治雄】
【日本以外の民俗芸能】
 諸民族の民間で行われてきた芸能の全体を通じて際だつ特色としては,第1に総合芸術的性格をあげることができる。日本語の〈芸能〉ばかりでなく,古代社会ではギリシアの〈ムシケmousikē〉やインドの〈ナーティヤnāṭya〉,そして現代では英語の〈パフォーミング・アーツperforming arts〉やインドネシア語の〈カラウィタンkarawitan〉などは,すべて舞踊,音楽,演劇,文芸などの要素を有機的に内包する文化事象を意味している。しかし,これらが未分化であるとレッテルをはり,音楽や文芸が分化・独立して自律化したかのように思われがちなヨーロッパ近代の芸術観に照らし合わせて,発展の前段階にあるとするのは妥当ではない。…

※「mousikē」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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