Lorenz curve - Lorenz curve

Japanese: ローレンツ曲線 - ろーれんつきょくせん(英語表記)Lorenz curve
Lorenz curve - Lorenz curve

A curve that shows the degree of inequality in income distribution, proposed by American statistician M. O. Lorenz in a paper in 1905. Let us assume that a society consists of n people, and that they are arranged in order of their income from lowest to highest. If we plot the cumulative headcount ratio on the horizontal axis, starting from the lowest income earners, and the cumulative income ratio on the vertical axis, and connect the corresponding points of the two, as n increases, we will draw a bow-shaped curve as shown in the figure . This is called the Lorenz curve for income distribution. Here, if all n people have the same income, that is, if the income distribution is completely equal, we will get a straight line OP. Conversely, if only the last person has an income and everyone else has zero income, that is, if the income distribution is completely unequal, we will get a broken line OAP. Therefore, in the normal case where the income distribution is between these two extremes, the degree of inequality is measured by the size of the area enclosed by the line OP and the bow-shaped income distribution.

[Tadashi Takashima]

[Reference] | Income distribution
Lorenz Curve (Diagram)
©Shogakukan ">

Lorenz Curve (Diagram)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アメリカの統計学者M・O・ローレンツによって1905年の論文中で提示された、所得分布の不平等度を示すものとされる曲線。社会がn人で構成されるとし、それぞれの所得を低いほうから高いほうへ順に並べる。の横軸に低所得者のほうから順に累積人員比率をとり、縦軸に対応する所得額の累積比率をとって、両者の対応点を順次に結んでいくと、nが大となるにつれてのような弓型の曲線が描かれる。これが所得分布に関するローレンツ曲線とよばれるものである。ここで、n人の所得がすべて等しい場合、すなわち、所得分布が完全に平等である場合には、直線OPとなり、逆に、最後の1人だけが所得を得て他の人はすべて所得がゼロである場合、すなわち、所得分布が完全に不平等である場合には、折れ線OAPとなる。したがって、所得分布がこれらの両極端の中間にある通常の場合には、その不平等度は、直線OPとその所得分布の弓型とで囲まれた部分の面積の大きさによって測られることになる。

[高島 忠]

[参照項目] | 所得分布
ローレンツ曲線〔図〕
©Shogakukan">

ローレンツ曲線〔図〕


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