Training - toreiningu (English spelling)

Japanese: トレーニング - とれーにんぐ(英語表記)training
Training - toreiningu (English spelling)

It is a process of utilizing the body's adaptability to physical stimuli to further strengthen and develop sports abilities such as the form and function of the human body, including willpower. Modern sports training is centered on training to build physical strength, which is the mother of all sports abilities. It is carried out based on a long-term plan, and in order to intensively increase the effects of training, it is necessary that the structure and development are based on sufficient scientific evidence.

[Nobuyoshi Fukuyama]

kinds

(1) Weight training This is a type of training aimed at strengthening muscles, which is the key to sports activities. Examples of this include isotonic training (dynamic strength training using barbells, dumbbells, and one's own body weight), isometric training (static strength training in which one exerts one's full strength to move a stationary object), isokinetic training (using equipment that keeps the speed of the moving parts constant, allowing one to constantly exert maximum muscle strength as the joint angle changes), and plyometric training (aiming to strengthen muscles by repeating reflexive stretching and relaxation just before the muscle contracts, such as jumping off a platform with a heavy object). (2) Training to improve endurance for exercise This includes fartlek training (running freely through forests and fields at one's own speed), hill training (fartlek combined with uphill and downhill runs), and interval training (alternating between fast and slow runs to improve overall endurance as well as speed endurance). (3) Repetition training This is a type of training aimed at improving speed and power, and is performed repeatedly with complete rest between exercises. (4) Circuit Training: This is a comprehensive form of physical training that simultaneously improves muscle strength, muscular endurance, power, and agility, as well as the functions of various organs and tissues, such as the respiratory and circulatory systems. It is performed in a circular cycle, combining speeds, number of repetitions, and duration appropriate to one's physical strength.

[Nobuyoshi Fukuyama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

運動刺激に対する身体の適応性を利用し、意志力を含めて人体の形態、機能などスポーツ能力をより強化、発達させる過程をいう。近代スポーツのトレーニングは、すべてのスポーツ能力の母体となる体力づくりのトレーニングが主体となる。長期的計画のもとに進められ、トレーニング効果を集中的に高めるため、十分な科学的裏づけによる構成、展開を必要条件としている。

[福山信義]

種類

(1)ウェイト・トレーニング スポーツ活動のポイントである筋力強化を図るもので、これには、アイソトニック・トレーニング(バーベル、ダンベル、自分の体重などを利用する動的筋力トレーニング)、アイソメトリック・トレーニング(動かない物体を動かそうと全力を発揮する静的筋力トレーニング)、アイソキネティック・トレーニング(可動部位の速度を一定にしてある器具を使い、関節角度の変化に伴いつねに最大筋力を発揮できるようにする)、プリオメトリック・トレーニング(重量物を持って台上から飛び降りる動作のように、筋肉の収縮する直前に反射的伸長と弛緩(しかん)を繰り返すことにより、筋力強化を目的とする)などがある。(2)運動の持続力を高めるトレーニング これには、ファルトレック・トレーニング(森や野原を思うままのスピードで自由に走る)、ヒル・トレーニング(ファルトレックに上り下りの坂を組み合わせたもの)、インターバル・トレーニング(急走と緩走を交互に繰り返し、全身持久性とともにスピードの持久力を高める)などがある。(3)レペティーション・トレーニング スピード、パワーの強化を目的としたもので、トレーニングの間に完全休息を入れつつ反復する。(4)サーキット・トレーニング 筋力、筋持久力、パワー、敏捷(びんしょう)性と、呼吸循環器など各種器官・組織の機能を同時に高める総合的体力トレーニングとして、体力に応じて速度、回数、時間を組み合わせ、循環して実施する。

[福山信義]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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