Drake Passage - Drake Passage

Japanese: ドレーク海峡 - ドレークかいきょう(英語表記)Drake Passage
Drake Passage - Drake Passage
The area is about 800 km wide and stretches between Tierra del Fuego, the southern tip of South America, and the South Shetland Islands, located about 150 km north of the Antarctic Peninsula. It connects the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. The central part is slightly shallower, but the average depth is about 3,400 m, and the deepest part is 5,000 m. The seabed consists of glacial debris from Antarctica, biological deposits, and soil and sand created by erosion of the South American continent, and many manganese nodules are distributed around 58° south latitude. The average water temperature in the surface layer is 6°C in the north and -1°C in the south. In winter, the sea surface is covered with sea ice, mainly in the southern part, and icebergs also appear. It is in the westerly wind zone, and westerly winds usually blow at 20 to 40 km per hour on the sea, and strong winds of more than 70 km per hour are not uncommon. The strait is named after F. Drake, an English pirate active in the late 16th century, but the first person to pass through it was the Dutchman W. Schouten in 1615. Drake passed through the Strait of Magellan, north of Tierra del Fuego, in 1578, but was blown back by a storm to the area around Cape Horn, the southern tip of Tierra del Fuego. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the strait played an important role in world trade until the opening of the Panama Canal in 1914, but navigation through the strait was always very dangerous for the ships and crews of those days due to strong winds and sea ice. With the emergence of large tankers, the Panama Canal is no longer able to handle the volume of traffic, so it may be considered an important route again in the future.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
南アメリカ南端のフエゴ諸島と,南極半島の北約 150kmに連なるサウスシェトランド諸島の間に広がる幅約 800kmの海域で,西の太平洋と東の大西洋を結ぶ。中央部がやや浅いが,平均水深約 3400mの深い水域で,最深部は 5000mに達する。海底堆積物は南極大陸からの氷河砕屑物,生物性堆積物,南アメリカ大陸の浸食によって生じた土砂などから成り,南緯 58°付近には多数のマンガン団塊が分布。表層部の平均水温は北部6℃,南部-1℃で,海面は冬季に南部を中心に海氷におおわれ,氷山も出没する。偏西風帯にあって,海上では通常毎時 20~40kmの西風が吹き,時速 70km以上の強風が吹くことも珍しくない。 16世紀後半に活躍したイギリスの海賊 F.ドレークにちなんで命名されているが,この海峡を最初に通過したのは,オランダ人 W.スハウテンで,1615年のことであった。ドレークは 1578年,大西洋からフエゴ島北のマゼラン海峡を通って太平洋に出たが,嵐によりフエゴ諸島南端のホーン岬のあたりまで吹戻された。 19世紀および 20世紀初頭,パナマ運河開通 (1914) までは,世界貿易において重要な役割を果したが,強風と海氷のため,当時の船舶と乗組員にとっては,この海峡の航行は常に大きな危険を伴った。大型タンカーの出現に伴って,パナマ運河が交通量を十分にさばききれなくなってきているため,今後再び重要な航路として見直される可能性もある。

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