German chemical engineer. Born the son of a chemical factory owner, he studied in Leipzig. After working as an assistant to Nernst and Haber, he became a lecturer at the Hannover Technical University in 1909. He studied the conditions for the production of coal and petroleum, and in 1913 obtained a patent for a coal liquefaction method using hydrogenation. From 1914, as the director of the Goldschmidt research laboratory, he worked to industrialize the coal liquefaction method, and built 18 factories in Germany, where oil imports were cut off due to World War I. For some time after the war, the coal liquefaction method was not used, and in 1925 he transferred the patent for the coal liquefaction method to the IG Farben company. He studied the hydrolysis of wood using acids, and developed a method for complete decomposition using concentrated hydrochloric acid. In 1931, he and Bosch were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their contributions to the development of the high-pressure chemical industry. After World War II, he left Germany and lived in Spain, and in 1947 he became a scientific advisor to the Argentine government, and died in Buenos Aires. [Kato Kunioki] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツの化学技術者。化学工場主の息子に生まれ、ライプツィヒで学ぶ。ネルンストやハーバーらの助手をつとめたのち、1909年にハノーバー工業大学講師となる。石炭や石油の生成条件を研究し、1913年に水素添加による石炭液化法の特許を取得した。1914年よりゴルトシュミット社の研究所長として石炭液化法の工業化に努力、第一次世界大戦により石油輸入の途絶したドイツの条件のもとで18の工場を建設した。大戦終結後しばらくは石炭液化法は行われず、1925年に石炭液化法の特許をIG染料(イー・ゲー・ファルベン)会社に譲渡。酸による木材の加水分解を研究、濃塩酸による完全分解法を発展させた。1931年に、高圧化学工業の発展に寄与した功績により、ボッシュとともにノーベル化学賞を受賞。第二次世界大戦後はドイツを去り、スペインに居住、1947年にアルゼンチン政府の科学アドバイザーとなり、ブエノス・アイレスで死去した。 [加藤邦興] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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