Cancellation lawsuit - Torikeshisosho

This refers to a lawsuit that seeks to return a disposition, ruling, or other exercise of public power by an administrative agency to its original state (annulment). It is a typical example of an appeal lawsuit, which is a means of relief against the exercise of public power. There are lawsuits for annulment of a disposition, which is the primary decision of an administrative agency, and lawsuits for annulment of a ruling in response to an appeal such as a request for review or an objection. In lawsuits for annulment of a ruling, only defects inherent in the ruling can be asserted, and in order to assert the illegality of the original disposition, a lawsuit for annulment of the original disposition must be filed (called the original disposition principle). In order to file a lawsuit for annulment, there must be a legal interest (interest in the lawsuit) to seek the annulment of the disposition or ruling. In principle, a lawsuit must be filed within six months of learning of the disposition or ruling. A judgment of annulment retroactively extinguishes the administrative disposition, binds the administrative agency, and is effective against third parties.

[Yasuhito Abe]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

行政庁の処分・裁決その他公権力の行使がなされたのちに、それを元の状態に戻すこと（取消し）を求める訴訟をさす。公権力の行使に対する救済手段である抗告訴訟の典型である。取消訴訟には、行政庁の第一次的な判断である処分の取消しの訴えと、審査請求、異議申立てなどの不服申立てに対する裁決の取消しの訴えがある。裁決の取消しの訴えにおいては、裁決固有の瑕疵(かし)だけを主張でき、原処分の違法を主張するには原処分の取消しの訴えを提起しなければならない（原処分主義という）。取消訴訟を提起するためには処分・裁決の取消しを求める法律上の利益（訴えの利益）がなければならない。訴えは処分・裁決を知ったときから原則として6か月以内に提起しなければならない。取消判決は行政処分を遡及(そきゅう)的に消滅させ、行政庁を拘束し、第三者に対しても効力をもつ。

［阿部泰隆］

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