A Moroccan dynasty (789-926). After his failed rebellion against the Abbasid Caliphate, Idris, great-grandson of Hassan, son of the fourth caliph, Ali, fled from Fakh near Mecca to Morocco, where he founded a state in Walila (Borobilis) with the support of the Awrabani, a Berber sect. It is considered the first Shiite dynasty in history, but its politics have no notable Shiite characteristics, except that its ruler called himself an Imam and that it protected Shiite refugees from Ifriqiya (the eastern Maghreb, centered on Tunisia) and Al-Andalus (the Muslim-controlled area of the Iberian Peninsula). After the death of Idris I (one theory is that he was poisoned by a secret emissary of the Abbasid caliph Rashid), Idris II, the son of the Berber concubine Kanza, ascended to the throne. He completed the construction of the new capital, Fez, which had been started by Idris I, and established the national system. Fez was constantly inhabited by Arabs from Al-Andalus and Ifriqiya, who promoted the expansion of the city and introduced advanced technology and culture. During the peaceful reign of Yahya I (849-863), there were particularly many immigrants, and the Qarawiyeen Mosque and the Al-Andalus Mosque were built. As early as the first half of the 9th century, the territory began to be divided between the brothers, and the dynasty declined and was destroyed by the Fatimid dynasty. The authority and tradition of the Sharifs (descendants of Muhammad), who play an important role in Moroccan history, originate from this dynasty. [Masatoshi Iiichi] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
モロッコの王朝(789~926)。第4代カリフ、アリーの子であるハサンの曽孫(そうそん)イドリースが、アッバース朝に対する反乱に失敗したのち、メッカ近郊ファッフからモロッコに逃れ、ベルベル系の一派アウラバ人の支持を得てワリーラ(ボリュビリス)に建国した。史上最初のシーア派王朝とされるが、支配者がイマームを称したことや、イフリーキヤ(チュニジアを中心にしたマグレブ東部)やアル・アンダルス(イベリア半島内のイスラム教徒の支配地域)からのシーア派教徒亡命者を保護したこと以外に、その政治に顕著なシーア派的特徴はない。 イドリース1世の死(一説にアッバース朝カリフ、ラシードの密使による毒殺)後、ベルベル人の妾(しょう)カンザの子イドリース2世が即位した。彼によって、イドリース1世に始まる新首都フェズの建設が完成し、また国家体制が整った。フェズにはアル・アンダルスやイフリーキヤからアラブ人の来住が絶えず、都市の拡大を促し、進んだ技術や文化を伝えた。ヤフヤー1世の平和な治世(849~863)下にはとくに来住者が多く、カラウィイーン・モスクやアンダルス・モスクなども建設された。早くも9世紀前半には兄弟間で領土の分割が始まり、王朝は衰退、ファーティマ朝によって滅ぼされた。モロッコ史で重要な役割を果たすシャリーフ(ムハンマドの子孫)の権威と伝統は、この王朝に由来する。 [私市正年] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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