The perinatal period is the period from 22 weeks of pregnancy to 7 days after birth, and medicine for infants during this period is called perinatal medicine. In the past, fetuses were treated as separate subjects after delivery, with obstetricians and newborns treated as separate subjects. However, because newborns are influenced by the environment in the womb and because it is believed that disorders during delivery can cause newborn abnormalities, in order to obtain healthy newborns, consistent medical management and systematic treatment are now provided from the late stages of pregnancy through delivery to the newborn stage. Perinatal deaths are a combination of stillbirths (late stillbirths) and neonatal deaths (early neonatal deaths). Since the definition of stillbirth is not necessarily uniform around the world, perinatal mortality rates have been used to compile stillbirth statistics since 1950, at the suggestion of the World Health Organization (WHO). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
周産期とは,妊娠満 22週以後,出生後 7日までの期間をいい,この間の児を対象とした医学を周産期医学という。かつては分娩を境にして,胎児は産婦人科の担当,新生児は小児科の担当と,臨床面では別個の対象として扱われていた。しかし,新生児は胎内環境の影響を受けてきたものであり,また分娩時の障害などが新生児異常を引き起こすという考え方から,健康な新生児を得るために,妊娠後期から分娩を経て新生児期にいたるまで一貫した医学的管理を行ない,系統だった処置を行なうようになった。なお,周産期における死産(後期死産)と新生児死亡(早期新生児死亡)を合わせて周産期死亡という。世界各国の死産の定義が必ずしも統一されていないことから,世界保健機関 WHOの提唱により,1950年以来,死産の統計には周産期死亡率が用いられている。
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