Toyama Domain

A division of the million koku Kaga Domain. In 1639 (Kan'ei 16), the third lord of the Kaga Domain, Maeda Toshitsune, applied to the shogunate to have his eldest son Mitsutaka inherit the 800,000 koku Kaga Domain, his second son Toshitsugu was given 100,000 koku Toyama Domain, his third son Toshiharu was given 70,000 koku Daishoji Domain, and he retired to Komatsu, with 220,000 koku as Yoroi territory. The Toyama Domain's territory consisted of 60,000 koku Fushiki District, Etchu Province (Toyama Prefecture), 20,000 koku Nomi District, Kaga Province (Ishikawa Prefecture), and 20,000 koku Niikawa District, Etchu Province. When the domain was divided, Toshitsugu considered building a castle in Hyakuzuka District, and moved into Toyama as a temporary castle. However, financially, it was difficult to build a castle at Momozuka, and the territory was scattered at the time of the division, which was inconvenient. To resolve these contradictions, in 1659 (Manji 2), a territory exchange was carried out between the So clan and the Kaga clan. That is, 20,000 koku of Nomi County and 16,800 koku of Urayama in Shinkawa County were exchanged for Toyama Town and the nearby villages in Shinkawa County, which were part of the Kaga clan. The Toyama medicine sellers, who are famous nationwide as "Etchu Toyama medicine sellers," are said to have been started by the second feudal lord, Masatoshi, and they sold medicines such as Hangontan, a stimulant. The clan established Hangontan offices to supervise them. They were stationed from as far north as Ezo Matsumae (Hokkaido) to as far south as Satsuma (Kagoshima). Taxes paid by medicine sellers enriched the domain's treasury, but the domain's finances were chronically in the red, and vassals were at odds over how to deal with the problem. In 1857 (Ansei 4), Edo elder Tomita Hyobu was forced to commit suicide, and in 1864 (Genji 1), elder Yamada Kazen was slain by domain samurai Shimada Katsuma. The last 13th lord of the domain, Toshiatsu, was brought in from the main family of Kanazawa, but was only 16 years old when the domain's government came to an end in 1871 (Meiji 4).

[Seiichi Sakai]

"Toyama Domain" by Seiichi Sakai (1974, Kogen Publishing)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

百万石加賀藩の分藩。1639年（寛永16）加賀藩3代前田利常(としつね)が幕府に願い出て、長子光高(みつたか)に加賀藩80万石を継がせ、次子利次(としつぐ)に富山藩10万石、三子利治(としはる)に大聖寺(だいしょうじ)藩7万石を分与し、自身は小松に隠居、養老領として22万石を領有した。富山藩の領域は、越中(えっちゅう)国（富山県）婦負(ねい)郡6万石、加賀国（石川県）能美(のみ)郡のうち2万石、越中国新川(にいかわ)郡のうち2万石であった。利次は分藩のとき、婦負郡百塚(ひゃくづか)に築城することを考え、富山を仮城としていちおう入城した。しかし財政的にも百塚での築城は困難であり、また分藩時の領地が分散していて不便であった。これらの矛盾を解決するため、1659年（万治2）宗藩との間で国替(くにがえ)が行われた。すなわち能美郡のうち2万石、新川郡浦山(うらやま)あたり1万6800石が、加賀藩領であった富山町およびその近郊の新川郡の村々と替地された。「越中富山の薬売り」として全国的に著名な富山売薬は、2代藩主正甫(まさとし)が始めたと伝えられ、気付け薬である反魂丹(はんごんたん)などを配置行商した。藩は反魂丹役所を設けて指揮監督した。配置先は、北は蝦夷松前(えぞまつまえ)（北海道）から南は薩摩(さつま)（鹿児島）にまで及んだ。売薬業者の納める役金は藩庫を潤したが、藩財政は慢性的赤字で、その対策をめぐって家臣間の対立が強かった。1857年（安政4）江戸家老富田兵部(とみたひょうぶ)が詰め腹を切らされ、64年（元治1）家老の山田嘉膳(かぜん)は藩士島田勝摩(かつま)に斬(き)られた。最後の藩主13代利同(としあつ)は宗家金沢から迎えられたが、藩政の終息した1871年（明治4）にはまだ16歳であった。

［坂井誠一］

『坂井誠一著『富山藩』（1974・巧玄出版）』

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