Toyama Prefecture

Japanese: 富山[県] - とやま

A prefecture in the northern part of the Chubu region, facing Toyama Bay. The prefectural capital is Toyama City. Area: ^{4,247.61 km2} . Population: 1,093,247 (2010). [History] Formerly part of Etchu Province, Otomo no Yakamochi was appointed governor of Etchu Province in 746, and culture flourished around Fushiki, where the provincial capital was located. In the Middle Ages, with the rise of the Kanto samurai, it became a crossroads between the Kanto and Kansai powers, and was often the site of battles. During the Sengoku period, the Ikko-Ikki uprisings, which spread from Kaga, occurred. During the Edo period, it was ruled by a branch of the Kaga Maeda clan. In 1871, Toyama Prefecture was established, and after several changes, the entire Etchu region became the prefecture. [Nature] The eastern part of the prefecture is dominated by the Hida Mountains, with the towering peaks of Mt. Tateyama and Mt. Tsurugi and the Kurobe River carving a deep valley, the southern part is the northern edge of the Hida Highlands that continue into Gifu Prefecture, and the western part is a low hilly area that forms the border with Ishikawa Prefecture. The alluvial fans of the Kurobe, Jinzu, Joganji, Sho, and Oyabe rivers, which flow south from these mountains and empty into Toyama Bay, form the Toyama Plain, where most of the prefecture's population is concentrated. The coast is a low-lying alluvial plain. The region has a Sea of Japan climate common to the Hokuriku region, with heavy snowfall, especially in the eastern and southern parts of the prefecture. In the spring, the föhn phenomenon is common. [Industry] The population breakdown by industry is primary 4.3%, secondary 34.8%, and tertiary 60.4% (2005). The proportion of the population working in primary industry has been declining, but agriculture, centered on the Toyama Plain, is thriving, with the region having the highest rate of paddy fields in the country and a single-crop early-season rice region with little second crop. The prefecture has a wide variety of local specialties, including tulips, oysters, marsh grass, pears in Kureha, Toyama City, and the large, oblong Kurobe watermelon in Kurobe City. Forestry is sluggish. Coastal fishing for sardines, horse mackerel, cod, and yellowtail is carried out mainly in Himi, Shinminato (now Imizu City), and Uozu, but due to pollution in the bay and a decline in migratory fish, there is a shift to offshore and deep-sea fishing. There are also many migrant workers in the North Pacific. The offshore area from Toyama City to Uozu City is famous for the sea area where firefly squid swarm (a special natural monument). Mineral products include graphite in Kamishinkawa District, and natural gas, limestone, and lignite in Imizu District. The prefecture's manufacturing shipments amounted to 3,404.8 billion yen (2003), second only to Niigata Prefecture among the four Hokuriku prefectures. Fushiki-Toyama Port, with Toyama New Port (Imizu City) at its core, opened in 1968, was designated a specific important port in 1986, and the coastal cities of Toyama, Takaoka, and Shinminato (now Imizu City) have developed into coastal industrial areas with heavy chemical industries. In addition, zippers are produced in Kurobe City, and spinning is carried out in inland cities such as Oyabe and Tonami, as well as traditional Toyama medicine sales, Johana lacquerware, copperware, and textile printing. The Tateyama mountain range and Kurobe Gorge in the east offer some of Japan's most beautiful mountain scenery, and are part of the Chubu Sangaku National Park. These are major tourist attractions, along with Gokayama (a World Heritage Site), Shogawa Gorge, and Amaharashi Coast, which is part of the Noto Peninsula Quasi-National Park. [Transportation] The Hokuriku Shinkansen, Ainokaze Toyama Railway, and Hokuriku Expressway run from east to west, while the Takayama Main Line, Tokai-Hokuriku Expressway, and National Route 41 run from north to south. Toyama Light Rail and Toyama Chiho Railway lines run through Toyama City, and the Himi Line and Johana Line run through Takaoka City. Toyama Airport is located in Toyama City, and the city is connected to Tokyo, Sapporo, Fukuoka, and other destinations.
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Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

中部地方北部，富山湾に面する県。県庁所在地は富山市。4247.61km²。109万3247人（2010）。〔沿革〕　かつての越中国にあたり，746年大伴家持が越中国守に任ぜられ，国府のあった伏木を中心に文化が栄えた。中世は関東武士の台頭で関東・関西勢力の接点となり，たびたび戦場となった。戦国時代には加賀から伝播した一向一揆が起こった。江戸時代は加賀前田家の支藩が支配。1871年富山県設置，数回の変遷を経て越中全域が県域になった。〔自然〕　東部は立山や劔岳がそびえ黒部川が深い谷を刻む飛騨山脈，南部は岐阜県に続く飛騨高地の北縁部，西部は石川県境をなす低い丘陵地である。これらの山地から南流して富山湾に注ぐ黒部川，神通(じんづう)川，常願寺川，庄川，小矢部川の諸河川の扇状地が富山平野を形成し，県人口の大部分がここに集中している。海岸は低平な沖積地。北陸地方に共通な日本海式気候で，降雪量が多く，特に東部と南部は豪雪地帯。春はフェーン現象が多い。〔産業〕　産業別人口構成は第１次4.3％，第２次34.8％，第３次60.4％（2005）。第１次産業の人口比は減少しつづけてきたが，富山平野を中心とする農業は活発であり，水田率は全国最高で裏作の少ない早場米単作地帯をなす。特産物も多彩で，砺波(となみ)市付近のチューリップ，カキ，低湿地のイグサ，富山市呉羽のナシ，黒部市の大型で長楕円体の黒部スイカがある。林業は不振。氷見(ひみ)，新湊（現・射水市），魚津の各市を中心にイワシ，アジ，タラ，ブリなどの沿岸漁業が行われるが，湾内汚染や回遊魚の減少から沖合・遠洋漁業へと移行が進んでいる。北洋漁業の出稼ぎも多い。富山市から魚津市にかけての沖合はホタルイカの群遊海面（特別天然記念物）として有名。鉱産では上新川郡の黒鉛，射水郡の天然ガスをはじめ石灰石，褐炭がある。工業は県の製造品出荷額が３兆4048億円（2003）で，北陸４県では新潟県に次いで２位を占める。1968年に開港した富山新港（射水市）を中核とする伏木富山港が，1986年特定重要港湾に指定され，沿岸の富山，高岡，新湊（現・射水市）の各市には重化学工業などが発達し，臨海工業地域として発展している。このほか黒部市にはファスナー，小矢部・砺波両市などの内陸には紡績，また在来の富山売薬，城端(じょうはな)塗，銅器，捺染(なっせん)などが行われる。東部の立山連峰，黒部峡谷などは中部山岳国立公園に属する日本有数の山岳景観を展開，五箇山（世界遺産），庄川峡，能登半島国定公園に含まれる雨晴(あまはらし)海岸などとともに主要な観光資源である。〔交通〕　北陸新幹線とあいの風とやま鉄道，北陸自動車道が県の東西，高山本線と東海北陸自動車道，国道41号線が南北の幹線で，富山市を中心に富山ライトレール，富山地方鉄道各線，高岡市を中心に氷見線，城端線が通じる。富山市に富山空港があり，東京，札幌，福岡などと結ばれる。
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