When athletes use drugs during competitions. From the standpoint of sporting spirit and medical reasons, drug use has become a problem, especially in Europe, and the death of a Danish cyclist due to doping at the 1960 Rome Olympic Games prompted the introduction of official doping tests at the 1968 Grenoble Winter Olympic Games. Drug users are suspended or disqualified. Prohibited drugs include sympathomimetic amines, central nervous system stimulants (→ central nervous system stimulants), narcotic analgesics (→ painkillers), muscle-building anabolic steroids (anabolic hormones), and diuretics. At the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games, Canadian runner Ben Johnson won the gold medal in the men's 100m track and field event, but was disqualified after a doping test after the race detected anabolic steroids, attracting public attention. On the other hand, banned substances are also found in cold medicines, and there are cases where people take them unknowingly and become problematic. The word originally came from the word "dope" which referred to drugs given to racehorses to help them perform better in horse racing. If drugs are discovered to have been administered in a race, the horse's finish will be annulled and those involved with the horse will be punished. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
スポーツ選手が試合に際し薬物を使用すること。スポーツ精神の立場と医学上の立場から,特にヨーロッパで薬物使用が問題とされ,1960年ローマ・オリンピック競技大会でデンマークの自転車選手がドーピングのために死亡した事故がきっかけとなって 1968年グルノーブル・オリンピック冬季競技大会から正式にドーピング検査が行なわれるようになった。薬物使用者は出場停止または失格となる。禁止薬物には,交感神経作動アミン,中枢神経刺激剤(→中枢興奮剤)や麻薬鎮痛剤(→鎮痛剤),筋肉増強剤のアナボリックステロイド(蛋白同化ホルモン),利尿剤などがある。1988年ソウル・オリンピック競技大会でカナダのベン・ジョンソンが陸上競技男子 100mで金メダルを獲得したものの,レース後のドーピング検査でアナボリックステロイドが検出され失格となって,世間の関心を集めた。一方で禁止薬物の成分は風邪薬などにも含まれており,知らずに服用して問題となる例もある。もとは競馬において,よい成績を上げるために競走馬に与える薬物をドープというところから用いられ始めたことばで,競馬では薬物の投与が発見されると入着は取り消され,その競走馬の関係者は処罰される。
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