Tukhachevsky

Japanese: トハチェフスキー

A Soviet soldier and one of the first marshals of the Soviet Union. Also known as Tukhachevsky. He was praised for his outstanding leadership, from his achievements during the civil war after the October Revolution to his role in modernizing the Red Army, but he died tragically in Stalin's purges. Born into a family of fallen nobles, he graduated from the Alexandrovsky Military Academy and participated in World War I. He was captured by the German army, but escaped, and joined the Red Army when the October Revolution broke out. He fought in various places as a commander, defeating counter-revolutionary forces in the Urals, Siberia, and the Caucasus, and became a hero of the revolutionary war. In the 1920 war against Poland, he attempted to capture Warsaw but failed. In 1921, he put down the Kronstadt sailors' revolt and the Tambov peasant uprising. After serving as Chief of Staff of the Red Army from 1925 to 1928, he became Deputy People's Commissar of the Army and Navy and Chief of the Weapons Bureau in 1931, where he promoted the reorganization and modernization of the Red Army, and devised original tactics such as establishing the world's first mechanized and airborne units. The complete defeat of the Japanese army in the Khalkhin Gol War (Nomonhan Incident, 1939) is said to be the result of the modernization of the Red Army that he promoted. In 1934, he became a candidate for the Central Committee of the Party, and in 1935, he was awarded the title of the first marshal of the Soviet Union along with three other generals. However, in May 1937, he was arrested as a German spy as part of Stalin's Great Purge, and was executed on June 11 for treason (the Tukhachevsky Incident). He was rehabilitated in 1961. This purge, which shocked the entire world, affected the entire leadership of the Red Army, and Hitler is said to have judged that the weakening of the Red Army due to the purge would enable him to crush the Soviet Union in a short battle against the Soviet Union. Composer Shostakovich's memoirs describe his deep friendship with him.

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

ソ連の軍人，ソ連邦最初の元帥の一人。トゥハチェフスキーとも。十月革命後の内戦期の活躍から赤軍の近代化に果たした役割まで，卓越した指導力で異才を謳われたが，スターリンの粛清により悲劇的な死をとげた。没落貴族の家に生まれ，アレクサンドロフスキー士官学校を卒業後第１次世界大戦に参加，ドイツ軍捕虜となるが脱走し，十月革命勃発とともに，赤軍に加わる。司令官として各地に転戦して，ウラル，シベリア，カフカス方面で反革命軍を撃破，革命戦争の英雄となる。1920年の対ポーランド戦争ではワルシャワ攻略を試み失敗。1921年のクロンシュタットの水兵の反乱，タンボフの農民の大暴動を鎮圧した。1925年〜1928年赤軍参謀長を経て，1931年陸海軍人民委員代理兼兵器局長に就任し，赤軍の再編と近代化を推進，世界で最初に機械化部隊，空挺部隊を設置するなど独創的戦術を編み出した。ハルハ川戦争（ノモンハン事件，1939年）での日本軍の完敗は彼が推進した赤軍近代化の成果といわれる。1934年，党中央委員候補，1935年には他の３名の将軍とともにソ連邦最初の元帥号を受けるが，スターリンの大粛清によって1937年５月ドイツのスパイとして逮捕され，反逆罪で６月11日処刑された（トハチェフスキー事件）。1961年に名誉回復。全世界に衝撃を与えたこの粛清は赤軍の指導部全般に及び，ヒトラーは，粛清による赤軍の弱体化で対ソ短期決戦でソ連邦を粉砕可能と判断したといわれる。作曲家ショスタコービチの回想記に彼との深い交友関係が記されている。

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