Oil tanker. The engine is located at the stern, the hold is divided into many tanks, and it is equipped with powerful pumps. Ocean-going tankers that transport crude oil from production sites to refineries have become larger, from 30,000 to 50,000 deadweight tons of super tankers (late 1950s) and 65,000 tons of mammoth tankers (around 1960), to 370,000 tons in 1971, and tankers over 550,000 tons in 1976. However, due to the long-term global recession after the 1973 oil shock and the restrictions on maximum capacity imposed by international treaties on the prevention of marine pollution, labor-saving and automation were promoted, and tankers under 200,000 tons became mainstream. Most domestic tankers that transport refined oil domestically are small ships of around 1,000 tons. Oil spills due to marine accidents have caused large-scale marine pollution and become a serious environmental problem. Measures such as double-layered ship structures are being called for. →Tanker Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
油送船。船尾に機関を置き,船倉を多数のタンクに区画,強力なポンプを備える。原油を産地から精製地に輸送する外航タンカーは大型化が進み,3万〜5万重量トン級のスーパータンカー(1950年代後半),6.5万トン級のマンモスタンカー(1960年前後)から,1971年には,37万トン級が建造され,1976年には55万トンを超えるタンカーも出現した。しかし,1973年の石油ショック以降の世界的長期不況,海洋汚染防止の国際条約による最大容量の制限などから省力化・自動化が図られ,20万トン級以下が主流となった。精製油を国内輸送する内航タンカーは1000トン内外の小型船が多い。なお海難事故による原油流出が大規模な海洋汚染を引き起こし重大な環境問題となっている。船腹の二重構造化などの対策が叫ばれている。→タンカー
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