The Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Act (formerly the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act) stipulates that poisons are "medicines designated by the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare after hearing the opinion of the Pharmaceutical Affairs and Food Sanitation Council as being highly toxic." The basis for designating poisons is that the acute toxicity of the 50% lethal dose (LD50) is 30 milligrams or less per kilogram of body weight when administered orally, 20 milligrams or less when administered subcutaneously, and 10 milligrams or less when administered intravenously or intraperitoneally. Other examples include those with strong chronic or subacute toxicity, those with a narrow safety margin, and those with a high incidence of serious side effects. Those who handle poisons in their work are required to store them in a locked place. Poisons are labeled on the immediate container or packaging with a white frame on a black background and the product name and the word "poison" in white letters. Even if the active pharmaceutical ingredient is designated as a poison, the diluted preparation is often a highly toxic drug. Examples of poisons include digitoxin, digoxin, morphine hydrochloride, and atropine sulfate. [Fumiji Koho] [Reference item] | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
医薬品医療機器等法(旧、薬事法)で「毒性が強いものとして厚生労働大臣が薬事・食品衛生審議会の意見を聴いて指定する医薬品」と規定されている。毒薬指示の根拠は、急性毒性で50%致死量(LD50)が経口投与で体重1キログラムにつき30ミリグラム以下、皮下投与で同20ミリグラム以下、静脈内あるいは腹腔(ふくくう)内投与で同10ミリグラム以下を基準とし、そのほか慢性または亜急性毒性の強いもの、安全域の狭いもの、副作用発現率が高くかつ重篤なものがあげられる。業務上、毒薬を取り扱う者は、毒薬を鍵(かぎ)のかかるところに保管することが義務づけられている。毒薬の表示は、直接の容器または被包に、黒地に白枠、白字で品名および「毒」の文字を記載することとなっている。原薬が毒薬に指定されていても、希釈された製剤は劇薬となることが多い。毒薬の例としては、ジギトキシン、ジゴキシン、塩酸モルヒネ、硫酸アトロピンなどがある。 [幸保文治] [参照項目] | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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