Ghaznavid Empire - Ghazna

Japanese: ガズナ朝 - がずなちょう(英語表記)Ghazna
Ghaznavid Empire - Ghazna

A Turkish dynasty (962-1186) in the Afghan region from the mid-10th century to the late 12th century. It was named after Ghazni (Ghazna), whose capital was Ghazni. It was founded by Alptigin (reigned 962-963), a Turkish slave of the Persian Samanid dynasty, and its ruling power was established during the time of his slave Subktigin (reigned 977-997). Alptigin had already sent troops to invade India during his reign, but during the time of his son Mahmud (reigned 998-1030), he invaded India more than a dozen times, capturing cities such as Kanauj and Mathura, as well as the Gujarat region. The plundering of the Somnath temple, known for its treasures, is the most famous in history. On the other hand, he encouraged Persian-style Islamic literature, and favored Al-Biruni and the poet Firdousi. The dynasty rapidly declined after the death of the brave king Mahmud, and later, pushed back by the forces of the Ghorid dynasty, it survived by maintaining a small territory in northwestern India, but was finally destroyed in 1186 by an invading army of the Ghorid dynasty.

[Matsuo Ara]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

10世紀のなかごろから12世紀後半にかけてのアフガニスタン地方のトルコ系王朝(962~1186)。ガズニー(ガズナ)を首都としたので、この名がある。ペルシア系サーマーン朝のトルコ人奴隷アルプティギーンAlptigīn(在位962~963)によって創始され、その奴隷サブクティギーンSubktigīn(在位977~997)のときに支配権力が確立した。彼の治世からすでにインドへ侵入軍を送っているが、その子マフムードMamūd(在位998~1030)のとき十数回にわたって侵攻を繰り返し、カナウジ、マトゥラなどの諸都市やグジャラート地方を攻略した。財宝で知られたソムナート寺院の略奪は史上もっとも有名である。しかし一方では、ペルシア風イスラム文芸を奨励して、アル・ビールーニーや詩人フィルドウスィーなどを優遇している。王朝は、この勇王マフムードの死後は急速に衰え、のちゴール朝勢力に押されて西北インドに小領域を保ちつつ存続したが、1186年ついにゴール朝のインド侵入軍によって最終的に滅ぼされた。

[荒 松雄]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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