Special relatives - Special relatives

Japanese: 特別縁故者 - とくべつえんこしゃ

A person other than an heir who shared the same household with the decedent, who provided nursing care for the decedent, or who had some other special relationship with the decedent. When the Civil Code was revised in 1962, it was stipulated that if there are no heirs, the family court may distribute all or part of the inheritance property remaining after liquidation to these special relatives (Article 958-3). Those who wish to receive the distribution must demonstrate that they are a special relative and apply to the family court for a judgment on distribution within a certain period of time. Common-law spouses are often recognized as special relatives, which means that common-law couples are allowed to receive a very partial inheritance (only if there are no other heirs). Other examples of special relatives include a de facto (common-law) adopted child, a person who has helped the decedent by consulting with him for more than 50 years, a family temple that provides perpetual memorial services for the decedent, and a nursing home where the decedent was housed. In addition, any inheritance property that has not been distributed and has no heirs belongs to the national treasury (Article 959).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

相続人以外の者で被相続人と生計を同じくしていたとか，被相続人の療養看護に努めたとか，その他特別の縁故関係があった者のこと。民法は，1962年の改正の際，相続人がいない場合に家庭裁判所はこれらの特別縁故者に清算後残存する相続財産の全部または一部を分与することができると規定した (958条の3) 。分与を受けようとする者は特別縁故者であることを示して，一定の期間内に家庭裁判所に分与の審判の請求をしなければならない。内縁の配偶者などは特別縁故者と認められることが多く，これにより内縁の夫婦間にもきわめて部分的にではあるが (相続人が他にいない場合に限られるが) ，相続財産を受けることが認められたことになる。このほか特別縁故者と認められた例としては，事実上の (内縁の) 養子，50年以上にわたり被相続人の相談相手として助け合ってきた者，また被相続人の永代供養をする菩提寺や，その収容されていた養老院など多岐にわたる。なお，分与されなかった相続人なき相続財産は国庫に帰属する (959条) 。

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