Jam (English spelling)

Japanese: ジャム(英語表記)jam
Jam (English spelling)
A product made by crushing fruit pulp, adding sugar, heating and concentrating it, and turning it into a jelly using the acid and pectin contained in the fruit. Products made with the pulp intact or with only part of it still in its original shape are called preserves. Jam is made from a variety of fruits, including strawberries, apples, apricots, mandarins, peaches, figs, grapes, and plums. If the fruit has a skin or core, it is first removed and then chopped or crushed. If it has a lot of juice, it is left as is, if it has little juice, it is boiled thoroughly with water, and in the case of apples, it is strained. Sugar is added to this and it is boiled further and concentrated. The amount of sugar added varies depending on the type and ripeness of the ingredients, but it is considered appropriate to mix sugar and ingredients in roughly equal amounts. Factory products have a sugar content standard (65% or more), but for home use, it is up to personal preference. Jam is a food that can be stored, but if the sugar content is below 55%, it cannot be stored for a long time. Jam products will gel when the sugar, pectin, and organic acids are present in a certain ratio, and when making strawberry jam, pectin is often added. The appropriate acidity is about 0.3 to 0.5%, and if there is not enough acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, etc. are added. Recently, in addition to heating, it is sometimes made under ultra-high pressure.

jam
Jammes, Francis

Born: December 2, 1868, Tournai, Hautes-Pyrenees
[Died] November 1, 1938. Asparens, Lower Pyrenees. French poet. He began publishing collections of poems around 1891, gradually abandoning the strict verse of his earlier period in favor of a freer and more flexible style of poetry, which was recognized by Mallarmé. He pioneered his own unique poetic realm with De l'Angélus de l'aube à l'Angélus du soir (1898) (From Dawn Bells to Evening Bells), in which he wrote in simple, unadorned verse about the nature, customs, and feelings of the simple people of Asparens, where he spent most of his life. Although he wrote sentimental novels such as "Clara d'Ellébeuse" (99), after he converted to Catholicism in 1905 he wrote collections of poems imbued with pious religious atmosphere, such as "Clarières dans le ciel" (1906) and "Les Géorgiques chrétiennes" (11-12).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
果実の果肉をつぶし,砂糖を加えて加熱濃縮して,果実に含まれている酸とペクチンによってゼリー化させた製品。果肉のまま,あるいはその一部が原形を保ったまま製品化したものをプレザーブともいう。ジャムの原料としてはいちご,りんご,あんず,みかん,桃,いちじく,ぶどう,すももなど各種の果実が用いられる。果皮,果芯のあるものはまずこれを除いて細かく切るか,あるいはつぶす。次いで,汁液の多いものはそのまま,少いものには水を加えて十分に煮熟し,りんごなどの場合は裏ごしする。これに砂糖を加えてさらに煮熟濃縮する。砂糖の添加量は原料の種類,熟度によって異なるが,砂糖と原料の混合割合はほぼ等量ぐらいが適当とされる。工場製品はできあがりの糖度規格 (糖度 65%以上) が定められているが,家庭用はそれぞれ好みによる。ジャムは貯蔵性をもった食品であるが,糖度 55%以下では長期の貯蔵は期待できない。ジャム製品がゼリー化してくるのは製品中の砂糖,ペクチン,有機酸の量が一定の割合で存在する場合で,いちごジャムを製造する場合にはペクチンを補うことが多い。酸度も 0.3~0.5%ぐらいが適量で,酸が不足する場合はクエン酸,酒石酸,リンゴ酸などを加える。最近では加熱だけでなく,超高圧をかけてつくられることもある。

ジャム
Jammes, Francis

[生]1868.12.2. オートピレネー,トゥルネー
[没]1938.11.1. バスピレネー,アスパレン
フランスの詩人。 1891年頃から詩集を出しはじめ,徐々に初期の厳格な詩形を捨てて自由で柔軟な作詩法に向い,マラルメに認められた。『暁の鐘から夕べの鐘まで』 De l'Angélus de l'aube à l'Angélus du soir (1898) で独自の詩境を開拓,平明で飾り気のない詩句で,生涯の大半を過したアスパレンの自然や風俗,素朴な生活者の感慨を歌った。『クララ・デレブーズ』 Clara d'Ellébeuse (99) などの感傷的な小説もあるが,1905年カトリックに改宗してからは,敬虔な宗教的雰囲気に満ちた詩集『空のすきま』 Clairières dans le ciel (1906) ,『キリスト教農耕詩』 Les Géorgiques chrétiennes (11~12) などを著わした。

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