A product made by crushing fruit pulp, adding sugar, heating and concentrating it, and turning it into a jelly using the acid and pectin contained in the fruit. Products made with the pulp intact or with only part of it still in its original shape are called preserves. Jam is made from a variety of fruits, including strawberries, apples, apricots, mandarins, peaches, figs, grapes, and plums. If the fruit has a skin or core, it is first removed and then chopped or crushed. If it has a lot of juice, it is left as is, if it has little juice, it is boiled thoroughly with water, and in the case of apples, it is strained. Sugar is added to this and it is boiled further and concentrated. The amount of sugar added varies depending on the type and ripeness of the ingredients, but it is considered appropriate to mix sugar and ingredients in roughly equal amounts. Factory products have a sugar content standard (65% or more), but for home use, it is up to personal preference. Jam is a food that can be stored, but if the sugar content is below 55%, it cannot be stored for a long time. Jam products will gel when the sugar, pectin, and organic acids are present in a certain ratio, and when making strawberry jam, pectin is often added. The appropriate acidity is about 0.3 to 0.5%, and if there is not enough acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, etc. are added. Recently, in addition to heating, it is sometimes made under ultra-high pressure. jam |
果実の果肉をつぶし,砂糖を加えて加熱濃縮して,果実に含まれている酸とペクチンによってゼリー化させた製品。果肉のまま,あるいはその一部が原形を保ったまま製品化したものをプレザーブともいう。ジャムの原料としてはいちご,りんご,あんず,みかん,桃,いちじく,ぶどう,すももなど各種の果実が用いられる。果皮,果芯のあるものはまずこれを除いて細かく切るか,あるいはつぶす。次いで,汁液の多いものはそのまま,少いものには水を加えて十分に煮熟し,りんごなどの場合は裏ごしする。これに砂糖を加えてさらに煮熟濃縮する。砂糖の添加量は原料の種類,熟度によって異なるが,砂糖と原料の混合割合はほぼ等量ぐらいが適当とされる。工場製品はできあがりの糖度規格 (糖度 65%以上) が定められているが,家庭用はそれぞれ好みによる。ジャムは貯蔵性をもった食品であるが,糖度 55%以下では長期の貯蔵は期待できない。ジャム製品がゼリー化してくるのは製品中の砂糖,ペクチン,有機酸の量が一定の割合で存在する場合で,いちごジャムを製造する場合にはペクチンを補うことが多い。酸度も 0.3~0.5%ぐらいが適量で,酸が不足する場合はクエン酸,酒石酸,リンゴ酸などを加える。最近では加熱だけでなく,超高圧をかけてつくられることもある。
ジャム
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