It refers to the total number of all combinations of genes that an organism possesses. It can also refer to the genetic makeup of one or a few loci (the coordinates of a gene among all genes) among many genes. This term was coined by W. L. Johansen of Denmark (1909) and is the opposite of phenotype, which refers to the external appearance or characteristics of an organism. Many higher plants have a set of multiple chromosomes that are more than diploid, and since alleles of the same gene exist on multiple homologous chromosomes, when expressed as a genotype, it is expressed as multiple alleles. In many cases, dominant genes are expressed with uppercase letters and recessive genes with lowercase letters, so even if the phenotype of a genetic trait is the same, the genotype may be different because it contains dominant and recessive heterozygous genes. [Kuroda Yukiaki] "Human Genetics" by Takashi Komai (1966, Baifukan Publishing) " ▽ "Plant Breeding: Basics" by Hiroshi Fujimaki, Yasuo Ugai, Koji Yamamoto, and Fumihiro Fujimoto (1992, Baifukan Publishing)" ▽ "Genetics for the 21st Century 1: Basic Genetics" edited by Yukiaki Kuroda (1995, Shokabo Publishing) ▽ "Expression and Evaluation of Traits Related to Fisheries Breeding" edited by Yoshihisa Fujio and Yoshihiko Taniguchi, supervised by the Japanese Society of Fisheries Science (1998, Koseisha Koseikaku Publishing)" [Reference] | | | | | | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
生物がもっている各種の遺伝子の組合せのすべての総計をいう。また、多くの遺伝子のなかで、1個または数個の遺伝子座(全遺伝子のなかの遺伝子の座標のこと)の遺伝子だけを取り上げて、その遺伝子の構成をいうこともある。デンマークのW・L・ヨハンセンによって名づけられたことば(1909)で、生物の外に現れた形や特徴をさす表現型phenotypeに対することばである。 多くの高等植物は、二倍体以上の複数の染色体のセットをもち、複数の相同染色体上には、同じ遺伝子の対立遺伝子が存在するので、遺伝子型で表すと、複数個の対立遺伝子で表すことになる。多くの場合、優性遺伝子を大文字、劣性遺伝子を小文字で表すので、遺伝形質の表現型は同じでも、遺伝子型は優性、劣性のヘテロの遺伝子が含まれていて、遺伝子型が異なることがある。 [黒田行昭] 『駒井卓著『人類の遺伝学』(1966・培風館)』▽『藤巻宏・鵜飼保雄・山元皓二・藤本文弘著『植物育種学 基礎編』(1992・培風館)』▽『黒田行昭編著『21世紀への遺伝学1 基礎遺伝学』(1995・裳華房)』▽『藤尾芳久・谷口順彦編、日本水産学会監修『水産育種に関わる形質の発現と評価』(1998・恒星社厚生閣)』 [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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