Kagawa Kageki

A poet of the late Edo period. His pen name was Keien. Born as the second son of Arai Kosanji, a low-ranking member of the Tottori domain, he was called Ginnosuke, but when his father died at the age of seven, he was adopted by his uncle Okumura Sadakata and changed his name to Okumura Juntoku. He loved learning from a young age and studied waka poetry under Shimizu Sadakata. At the age of 26, he went to Kyoto to study waka poetry, and worked hard while giving massages under the pseudonym Arai Genzo. At the age of 29, he was adopted by Kagawa Baigetsudo Kagemoto, a master of the Nijo school of waka poetry, and took the name Kagawa Shikibu Kageki. Around this time, he was inspired by Ozawa Roan's "Tadakoto Uta," and rebelled against the Nijo school of waka poetry, which considered the traditional authority of Kokin Denju. At the age of 37, he divorced Baigetsudo and became independent, founding a school of the Keien school. One of Kageki's claims was the denial of medieval traditional waka studies, and the other was the denial of restorationist waka studies. In response to Kamo Mabuchi's Nimanabi, he wrote Shingaku Ko (Thoughts on New Learning) (published in 1815 as Shingaku Iken), criticizing Mabuchi's respect for the Manyoshu and his claim to revive the spirit of antiquity. While respecting the Kokinshu, he emphasized the modernity of waka by proposing the "theory of tone," stating that "poems of the present age should be in the words of the present age and in the tone of the present age," and showed a new development in the theory of early modern waka. His disciples, about 1,000 in number, including Kumagai Naoyoshi and Kinoshita Takafumi, spread the new style of waka poetry of the Keien school throughout the country.

Kageki was appointed as Nagato no Suke, Junior Sixth Rank, Lower in 1803 (Kyowa 3), and Higo no Kami, Junior Fifth Rank, Lower in 1804 (Tenpo 12). He died on March 27, Tenpo 14, at the age of 76. His posthumous name was Jitsusan'in Goa Zaien Koji. Zaien was a posthumous name he received after studying Zen under Zen Master Seisetsu. His grave is located in the Kagawa family cemetery in the grounds of Monmyoji Temple, Higashiyama-dori Niomon Gate, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City. His written works include "Hyakushu Iken," "Tosa Nikki Soken," and "Kokin Wakashu Seigi," while his family anthologies include "Keien Isshi" and "Keien Isshi Shuui." Works compiled by his disciples include "Keien Iko," "Kaigaku Teiyo," and "Zaisho Shisetsu." He also compiled works such as "Keien Hiko," "Keien Iho," and "Keien Sosho."

[Masanori Kanekiyo]

Shadows can be seen in the unchanging waters of the Oi River. The mountain cherry blossoms are blooming again this year.

"A Study of Kagawa Kageki, by Yamamoto Yoshimasa (1942, Ikuei Shoin)" ▽ "A Study of Kagawa Kageki, by Kuroiwa Ichiro (1957, Bunkyo Shoin)" ▽ "Kagawa Kageki, by Kanekiyo Masanori (1973, Yoshikawa Kobunkan)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸後期の歌人。号桂園(けいえん)。鳥取藩軽輩荒井小三次の次男に生まれ、銀之助といったが、7歳で父に死別し、伯父奥村定賢の養子となって奥村純徳と改めた。年少のころから学問を好み、清水貞固(さだかた)に和歌を学んだ。26歳で和歌修業のため京都に上り、荒井玄蔵の変名で按摩(あんま)をしながら刻苦勉励し、29歳で二条派地下(じげ)の宗匠香川梅月堂景柄(かげもと)の養子となり、香川式部景樹といった。このころ小沢蘆庵(ろあん)の「ただこと歌」に啓発されて、古今伝授を伝統的権威とする二条派和歌に反発し、37歳で梅月堂を離縁となり、独立して桂園派の一派をたてた。景樹の主張の一つは中世的伝統歌学の否定であり、他の一つは復古主義歌学の否定である。賀茂真淵(かもまぶち)の『新学(にいまなび)』に対して『新学考』（1815年に『新学異見』として出版）を書いて、真淵の『万葉集』尊重と古代精神復活の主張を批判し、『古今集』を尊重しながらも「今の世の歌は今の世の詞(ことば)にして今の世の調(しらべ)にあるべし」と「調の説」をたてて和歌の現代性を強調し、近世歌論に新しい展開を示し、熊谷直好(くまがいなおよし)、木下幸文(たかふみ)をはじめとして概数1000人の門人たちは全国に桂園派の新歌風を拡大した。

　景樹は1803年（享和3）に従(じゅ)六位下長門介(ながとのすけ)に、41年（天保12）に従五位下肥後守(ひごのかみ)に叙任。天保(てんぽう)14年3月27日に76歳で没した。法名は実参院悟阿在焉居士(ごあざいえんこじ)。在焉は誠拙禅師に参禅して得た法号である。墓は京都市左京区東山通仁王門の聞名寺(もんみょうじ)境内の香川家墓地にある。著書に『百首異見』『土佐日記創見』『古今和歌集正義』など、家集に『桂園一枝(いっし)』『桂園一枝拾遺』、門人の編著に『桂園遺稿』『歌学提要』『随所師説』などがあり、そのほかに『桂園祕稿』『桂園遺芳』『桂園叢書(そうしょ)』なども編纂(へんさん)されている。

［兼清正徳］

　大井川かへらぬ水にかげ見えて今年もさける山ざくらかな

『山本嘉将著『香川景樹論』（1942・育英書院）』▽『黒岩一郎著『香川景樹の研究』（1957・文教書院）』▽『兼清正徳著『香川景樹』（1973・吉川弘文館）』

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例