University Questions - Daigaku Wakumon

This is a two-volume policy treatise written by Kumazawa Banzan between 1686 (Jokyo 3) and the following year. As the subtitle "Another Volume on Governing the Nation and Peace" suggests, it begins with the responsibilities of a ruler and his subjects, and concretely describes the "benevolent government" that a ruler should carry out. Under the feudal domain system, which was based on the principles of separation of soldiers and farmers and the Kuramai Ichigyo system, Banzan advocated a theory of farmers and soldiers that was incompatible with this system, and also stated that Buddhism and Shinto should be restored. In December 1687, the book was criticized by the shogunate, and Banzan was forced to live in seclusion in Koga (Ibaraki Prefecture). It was published in 1788 (Tenmei 8), but was banned the following year. It is included in Volume 3 of the Complete Works of Banzan and Volume 30 of the Japanese Thought Series (Kumazawa Banzan).

[Tetsuzo Nagura]

“Masahide Bito, “Research on the History of Japanese Feudal Thought” (1961, Aoki Shoten)”

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

熊沢蕃山(くまざわばんざん)が1686年（貞享3）から翌年にかけて著した政策論。2巻。「治国平天下之別巻(ちこくへいてんかのべっかん)」と副題があるように、人君・人臣の職責から始め、君主として行うべき「仁政」を具体的に展開している。兵農分離、蔵米知行(くらまいちぎょう)制を原則とする幕藩体制の下で、それと相いれない農兵論を主張、また仏法と神道(しんとう)を再興すべきことなどを述べた。87年12月、この書が幕府にとがめられ、蕃山は古河(こが)（茨城県）に幽居させられた。1788年（天明8）になって刊行されたが翌年発禁となった。『蕃山全集』第3巻、『日本思想大系』第30巻（熊沢蕃山）などに所収。

［奈倉哲三］

『尾藤正英著『日本封建思想史研究』（1961・青木書店）』

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