Yiddish, the medium of expression for Yiddish literature, is a colloquial language that has been spoken by Jews (the so-called Ashkenazim) for about 1,000 years. In Jewish society, Yiddish was used as an important medium, along with Hebrew, for folk songs, folk tales, and informal prayers, and reached a certain degree of maturity in the 16th century. In the 19th century, an Enlightenment movement occurred within Jewish society that sought to switch to modern German, but in reaction to this, there was a vigorous movement among Eastern European Jews to refine Yiddish, and with the large-scale migration of Jews eastward, the scope of function of Yiddish expanded significantly in Eastern Europe. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
イディッシュ文学の表現手段であるイディッシュ語は,ユダヤ人(いわゆるアシュケナジム)が今日まで約1000年にわたって話してきた口語である。そしてユダヤ社会ではヘブライ語と並び重要な媒体として民謡,民話,非公式の祈禱に用いられ,16世紀に一応の完成に達した言語である。19世紀,ユダヤ社会内に近代ドイツ語への転換を図る啓蒙運動が起こったが,東欧ユダヤ人の間ではその反動としてイディッシュ語の洗練化運動が旺盛になり,ユダヤ人の大量東方移動もあって,イディッシュの機能範囲は東欧で大幅に広がった。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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