Toyamaru Typhoon

Japanese: 洞爺丸台風 - とうやまるたいふう
Toyamaru Typhoon

This was the 15th typhoon of 1954 (Showa 29). On September 26-27, it caused wind and flood damage in Western Japan, Hokuriku and Northern Japan. It moved northeastward in the East China Sea at 80 kilometers per hour, made landfall in Kagoshima Prefecture at around 2:00 on September 26, and then moved northeastward at a tremendous speed of 100 kilometers per hour through Kyushu, Chugoku and the Sea of ​​Japan. It maintained its strength despite passing over land in Kyushu and Chugoku, and even developed in the Sea of ​​Japan. Much of the damage caused by the typhoon was due to the violent storm, and in particular, five Seikan Renrakusen ferries sank, including the Toya Maru, which ran aground and capsized off the coast of Hakodate Port, killing 1,139 passengers and crew. The typhoon was named after the Toya Maru. The number of dead and missing nationwide was 1,761.

When a developed typhoon transforms into a tropical cyclone, it often accelerates as it approaches and then slows down after approaching, like the Toya Maru typhoon, making it difficult for the affected area (Hokkaido in this case) to take disaster prevention measures.

The Toyamaru Typhoon created a strong momentum to expedite the construction of the Seikan Tunnel (geological surveys had been started since 1946). The Central Meteorological Observatory overhauled its existing operations, and on July 1, 1956, it became an external bureau of the Ministry of Transport, and the Japan Meteorological Agency was born. Although the Toyamaru Typhoon was moving at an unusually fast speed, accurate typhoon information could not be released. In order to improve the accuracy of typhoon path forecasts, numerical forecasting (a method of solving many physical equations describing temperature, pressure, wind, etc., using a method called numerical analysis to predict the future) that had just been developed in the United States was introduced, and Japan's first large computer was put into operation in March 1959. Numerical forecasting has continued to improve day by day since then, and is still indispensable for typhoon forecasting today.

[Yo Narumura]

[Reference] | Seikan Tunnel | Typhoon

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

1954年(昭和29)の第15号台風のこと。9月26~27日、西日本・北陸・北日本に風水害をもたらした。東シナ海を時速80キロメートルで北東進し、9月26日2時ごろ鹿児島県に上陸、その後も時速100キロメートルという猛スピードで九州・中国地方、日本海を北東進した。九州・中国地方の陸上を通ったにもかかわらず勢力を保ち続け、日本海ではむしろ発達した。台風による被害はこの猛烈な暴風によるものが多く、なかでも函館(はこだて)港沖で座礁転覆し乗客乗員1139人が死亡した洞爺丸をはじめ、計5隻の青函連絡船(せいかんれんらくせん)が沈没した。台風の名称はこの洞爺丸に由来する。全国の死者・行方不明者数は1761人であった。

 発達した台風が温帯低気圧に変わるとき、洞爺丸台風のように、加速しながら接近し、接近した後に速度を落とすという、当該地域(この場合は北海道)にとって防災対策がとりにくい速度変化をすることが少なくない。

 洞爺丸台風により、青函トンネル建設(1946年から地質調査は始まっていた)を急ごうという機運が急速に盛り上がった。中央気象台は従来の業務の抜本的な見直しを行い、1956年7月1日に運輸省の外局となり気象庁が誕生。また、洞爺丸台風の速度が異常に速かったとはいえ、状況を正確に伝える台風情報が発表できなかったことから、台風の進路予報の精度を上げるため、アメリカで開発されたばかりの数値予報(気温や気圧、風などを記述する多くの物理方程式を数値解析という手法で解き、将来を予測する方法)を導入し、日本初の大型計算機を1959年3月に稼動させた。その後も数値予報は日進月歩で進歩し、現在も台風予報に欠かせないものとなっている。

[饒村 曜]

[参照項目] | 青函トンネル | 台風

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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