Born: March 22, 1857 in Aurillac Died May 6, 1932. Paris. French politician. 13th President of the Third Republic (in office 1931-32). Killed by an assassin's bullet in the middle of his term. Elected as a Radical member of the lower house of parliament for the Yonne department in 1889, he was appointed Minister of Finance in the bourgeois cabinet in 1895 as a financial expert. He tried to introduce an income tax as a national tax but failed, and was appointed Governor-General of French Indochina the following year in 1896. He was one of the most active and, from France's point of view, the most accomplished governors of Indochina. Unlike many other governors, he served his term from 1897 to 1902 with a settled and clear purpose. His greatest achievements were establishing the governor's strong control over the administrators of the various departments of Indochina and putting the colony's economy on a sound footing. The colonial economy was welcomed by the French, but the harsh taxation of the population caused deep resentment in the region. In 1902 he returned to the Chamber of Deputies, and in 1912 he became a senator representing Corsica. During this time he wrote "L'Indochine française" in 1903 and "Le Livre de mes fils" in 1906. From 1927 to 1931 he served as president of the Senate and as chairman of the important Budget Committee. He also served as Minister of Finance in the Briand government from January 1921 to January 1922 and from December 1925 to March 1926. On May 13, 1931, he was elected president. Popular with the French people, he successfully weathered the government crisis caused by the deaths of Aristide Briand and André Maginot, but was assassinated by the Russian anarchist Pavel Gorgürov. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
[生]1857.3.22. オーリヤック [没]1932.5.6. パリ フランスの政治家。第三共和政第13代大統領(在任 1931~32)。任期半ばで暗殺者の凶弾に倒れた。1889年ヨンヌ県から急進党の下院議員に選出,1895年財務の専門家としてブルジョア内閣の財務大臣に任命された。国税としての所得税導入に尽力するが失敗し,翌 1896年フランス領インドシナ総督に任命された。最も行動的,かつフランスからみて最も高い実績を上げたインドシナ総督の一人で,ほかの多くの総督と異なり,1897年から 1902年にかけてじっくり腰を据え,かつ明確な目的をもって総督の仕事を務めた。最大の功績は,インドシナのさまざまな部門を率いる行政官に対し総督の強力な支配権を確立したことと,植民地の経済を健全な基盤に乗せたことだった。植民地経済の健全化は本国からは歓迎されたが,現地では住民への厳しい徴税を伴っていたので,根強い反発を引き起こした。1902年下院議員に復帰し,1912年コルシカ島代表の上院議員になった。この間,1903年には "L'Indochine française"を,1906年には "Le Livre de mes fils"を執筆している。1927年から 1931年には上院議長や重要な予算委員会の議長を務めた。また,1921年1月から 1922年1月,および 1925年12月から 1926年3月まで,ブリアン内閣の財務大臣を務めた。1931年5月13日,大統領に選出。国民の人気も高く,アリスティード・ブリアンとアンドレ・マジノの死による政権危機も首尾よく乗り切ったが,ロシア人無政府主義者パベル・ゴルギュロフの放った凶弾に倒れた。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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