When a material is subjected to a force greater than its elastic limit, it will not regain its original shape even after the force is removed. This residual strain is called permanent strain. The strains that occur when a material is subjected to force can be classified into (1) elastic strain, which occurs instantaneously and is reversible, and (2) inelastic strain, which is the rest. The latter includes (a) pseudoelastic strain, which is time-dependent and reversible, and (b) irreversible plastic strain. Strictly speaking, permanent strain corresponds to (b), but since the component of (a) is usually very small, the entire inelastic strain in (2), including (a) and (b), is sometimes called permanent strain. At high temperatures, even if the stress is less than the elastic limit that can be observed in short-term tests, if force is applied for a long period of time, the material will undergo plastic deformation (creep phenomenon) and will produce permanent strain. [Hiroshi Oikawa] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
物質に弾性限界以上の力を加えると、力を取り去ったあともその材料の形は元に戻らなくなる。この残留ひずみを永久ひずみという。物質に力を加えた場合に生じるひずみは、〔1〕瞬間的に生じ、可逆性のある弾性ひずみと、〔2〕それ以外の非弾性ひずみに分類される。後者には、(a)時間依存型で可逆性のある擬弾性ひずみと、(b)不可逆的な塑性ひずみとが含まれている。永久ひずみは厳密にいえば(b)に対応するものであるが、(a)の成分は通常ごくわずかであるので、(a)(b)を含めた〔2〕の非弾性ひずみ全体を永久ひずみと称することもある。なお、高温では、短時間試験で認められる弾性限界以下の応力であっても、長時間力を加えておくと材料は塑性変形をおこし(クリープ現象)、永久ひずみを生じる。 [及川 洪] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
<<: Permanent preparation - Eikyuu Preparato
Year of death: 12/5/1829 (12/30/1829) Year of birt...
A position in charge of relaying and reporting pe...
A perennial plant of the Podocarpus family that re...
〘Noun〙 Buddhist term. The words of the sutra recit...
Born May 13, 1638 in Normandy, Jeb Died April 11, ...
… His basic stance on physiology was a criticism ...
Located in the southwest of Hyogo Prefecture, in t...
Year of death: 26th April, 1200 (9th June, 1200) Y...
A regional brand of Ishikawa prefecture, Hokuriku-...
A Kabuki musician. There are three generations of ...
… [Kitagawa Takashi]. … *Some of the terminology ...
Rugby is a ball game whose official name is rugby...
… [Changes in concept] The concept of "Baroq...
…a ring-shaped accessory worn on the wrist, arm, ...
Located in Saga, Kadono County, Yamashiro Province...