A diplomatic, military, political, or economic pact between two or more nations. It can be seen in ancient Greek city-states, Italian Renaissance cities, and others, and more recently in the Anglo-Japanese Agreement (1902, 05, 11), the German-Italian Joint Action Pact (41), the North Atlantic Treaty (49), the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance (50), the Warsaw Pact (55), and the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan (60). In general, the parties to an alliance promise to provide mutual armed assistance to each other. An alliance is "an organization in which several nations unite to form a force against an enemy or potential enemy, thereby ensuring the security of their own group of nations." On the one hand, it protects its member nations by clarifying its allies, but on the other hand, it provokes the other nation by clarifying its enemy. Alliances also have the disadvantage of creating counter-alliances.AlliancePlease see the All Japan General Confederation of Labor page. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
2つ以上の国家が外交,軍事,政治,経済上の盟約を行うこと。古くはギリシアの都市国家,イタリアのルネサンス期の自治都市その他にみられ,近くは日英協約 (1902,05,11) ,日独伊共同行動協定 (41) ,北大西洋条約 (49) ,中ソ友好同盟条約 (50) ,ワルシャワ条約 (55) ,日米相互協力安全保障条約 (60) など数多く,一般に,締約国間の相互的武力援助を約束している場合が多い。同盟は「複数国が団結し,敵国または仮想敵国に対抗する勢力をつくり,それによってみずからの国家集団の安全を保とうとする組織」であるため,一方では味方を明確にすることによってその加盟国を保護するが,他方では敵を明確にすることによって相手国を挑発する。また,同盟はその対抗同盟を生み出す欠点をもっている。
同盟
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