Gyokukan

A Chinese painter. He painted the famous ink-wash landscape paintings "Lushan" and "Eight Views of Xiao-Xiang" (both important cultural properties, private collections) from the Southern Song Dynasty. The so-called Gyokukan paintings were imported into Japan during the Muromachi period and highly praised, and they had a direct influence on Sesshu's "Bokkoku Sansui-zu." However, from the Southern Song Dynasty to the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, there were other painters who were similar to Gyokukan, such as Bin Gyokukan, Ruofen Gyokukan, and Kei Gyokukan, and in the Yuan Dynasty, the name Meng Gyokukan was well known. The idea that Ruofen Gyokukan was the painter had been prevalent since the Muromachi period, but there was also the view that it was Kei Gyokukan at the time, and the issue remains unresolved to this day. Ruofen Yujian was a Tendai Buddhist monk from Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, with the courtesy name Chuseki. He was a scribe at the Kamitenjiku Temple, but after traveling around the country, he retired to his hometown in his later years and is said to have painted landscapes such as plum blossoms in ink, bamboo and rocks, as well as landscapes of the West Lake and Xiao Xiang. Eiyukan was a Zen monk at the Jingci Temple at the West Lake in Hangzhou. The years of their birth and death are unknown.

[Shinya Hoshiyama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国の画家。南宋(なんそう)時代の水墨山水画の名品『廬山(ろざん)図』『瀟湘(しょうしょう)八景図』（ともに重要文化財、個人蔵）を描いた画家。いわゆる玉澗画は室町時代に輸入されて高く評価され、とくに雪舟の『破墨山水図』に直接の影響を与えている。ただ南宋から元(げん)代初めにかけて、玉澗といった画家には彬(ひん)玉澗、若芬(じゃくふん)玉澗、瑩(けい)玉澗がおり、元では孟(もう)玉澗の名が知られている。このなかで若芬玉澗をあてる考えが室町期より有力であったが、当時より瑩玉澗とする見解もあり、現在も解決をみていない。若芬玉澗は、浙江(せっこう)省金華出身の天台宗の僧で、字(あざな)を仲石(ちゅうせき)といい、上天竺(かみてんじく)寺の書記であったが、諸国を遍歴して晩年郷里に隠棲(いんせい)し、墨梅、竹石のほか、西湖、瀟湘など山水を描いたと伝える。瑩玉澗は杭州(こうしゅう)西湖の浄慈寺の禅僧であったと伝える。ともに生没年不詳。

［星山晋也］

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