It is a crime to accept stolen property, i.e. property belonging to a victim of a property crime such as theft or robbery, free of charge, or to transport, store, or accept for a fee, or to mediate the disposal of stolen property (Article 256 of the Penal Code). In 1995, the Penal Code was amended to include the current name of "the crime of stealing property." In the past, this crime was considered to be a crime of protecting a property criminal (called the main criminal) or an accessory to the main criminal, but today, as a type of property crime, it is basically understood as a crime that makes it difficult to pursue and recover stolen property (the right of pursuit theory). Therefore, first of all, "stolen property" must be something that is obtained through a crime against property, such as stolen property, and must be something that the victim of the main criminal can legally pursue and recover. For example, if the identity of the property is lost through "processing" under the Civil Code, it is no longer stolen property. Furthermore, in the case of stolen or lost property, despite the provision for immediate recovery under Article 192 of the Civil Code, the right to recovery remains for two years from the time of theft or loss, but if more than this period has passed, the property is no longer considered stolen. Furthermore, since both of these crimes are intentional offenses, it is necessary to be aware that the object is stolen. The penalties are imprisonment of up to three years for receipt, and imprisonment of up to ten years and a fine of up to 500,000 yen for all other offenses. There is a mandatory exemption from punishment for this crime in cases between certain relatives, such as blood relatives or spouses (Article 257, Paragraph 1 of the Penal Code). [Tetsuro Nawa] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
盗品等、すなわち窃盗、強盗など財産犯の被害にあった他人の財物(贓物(ぞうぶつ))を、無償で譲り受けたり、運搬、保管、有償で譲り受け、有償の処分のあっせんをする罪(刑法256条)。1995年(平成7)の刑法一部改正により、「贓物罪」が現行の罪名に変更された。本罪は、古くは、財産犯人(本犯という)を庇護(ひご)したり、本犯の事後従犯であるとされてきたが、今日では、財産犯の一種として、基本的には贓物に対する追求・回復を困難にする罪と解されている(追求権説)。したがって、まず、「贓物」は、盗品その他、財産に対する罪にあたる行為によって領得された物であり、かつ、本犯の被害者が、法律上これを追求・回復しうる物でなければならない。たとえば、民法上の「加工」などにより被害物との同一性が失われる場合には、もはや贓物ではなくなる。また、盗品や遺失物については、民法第192条の即時取得の規定にもかかわらず、盗難または遺失のときから2年間は、なお回復請求権を有するが、これ以上の期間が過ぎれば、もはや贓物性が失われる。なお、本罪はいずれも故意犯であるから、とくに目的物が贓物であることの認識を要する。罰則は収受が3年以下の懲役、その他は10年以下の懲役および50万円以下の罰金である。本罪には、直系血族や配偶者など一定の親族間の犯罪につき、刑の必要的免除が認められている(刑法257条1項)。 [名和鐵郎] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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