Elements made of the same element but with different numbers of atoms in a single molecule, or elements with the same chemical composition but with different atomic arrangements and bonding patterns, are called allotropes. For example, ordinary oxygen gas O2 and ozone O3 have different numbers of atoms, but are both allotropes made of oxygen atoms. Also, elements with different atomic arrangements and bonding patterns are often seen in crystalline elements, and rubber sulfur, monoclinic sulfur, and orthorhombic sulfur are all allotropes with different crystal forms. Diamond, graphite, fullerenes, and carbon nanotubes are all allotropes made of carbon atoms. [Nakahara Katsunori] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
同じ元素の原子からできているが、単分子を構成する原子数の異なる単体、あるいは同一の化学組成でありながら、原子の配列、結合様式の異なる単体を互いに同素体であるという。たとえば、普通の酸素ガスO2とオゾンO3は、その原子数は異なるが、いずれも酸素原子からなる同素体である。また原子の配列、結合様式の異なるものは、結晶単体の場合に多くみられ、たとえばゴム状硫黄(いおう)、単斜硫黄、斜方硫黄などは結晶形の異なる同素体である。また、ダイヤモンド、黒鉛、フラーレン、カーボンナノチューブなどはいずれも炭素原子からなる同素体である。 [中原勝儼] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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