A port city on the Black Sea in the northeastern part of the Asia Minor Peninsula in Turkey. Capital of Trabzon Province. Population 214,949 (2000). A key point for land and sea transport, with an airport, it distributes corn, hazelnuts, tobacco, tea, and fish. It originated as a Greek colony of Sinope (now Sinop) in the 7th century BC, and was called Trapezus in ancient times. It is famous as the town where Xenophon, the author of Anabasis, arrived after fleeing from Mesopotamia with his Greek mercenary comrades in 400 BC. After passing through the Pontic Kingdom, Rome, and the Byzantine Empire, it became the base of the Kingdom of Trebizond, founded in 1204 by Prince Alexios Komnenos, who fled here when the Crusaders occupied Constantinople. It became part of the Ottoman Empire in 1461, and Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (the Lawgiver) was born here. It has historical sites such as the fortress, Hagia Sophia, and Yeni Juma Mosque, as well as Karadeniz (Black Sea) University. In the mountains 30 kilometers south, there are the ruins of the Sumela Monastery, built in the 5th century. [End line] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
トルコ、小アジア半島北東部にあって黒海に臨む港湾都市。トラブゾン県の県都。人口21万4949(2000)。海陸交通の要衝で、空港も所在し、トウモロコシ、ヘーゼルナッツ、タバコ、茶、魚類などを集散する。紀元前7世紀にシノペ(現シノプ)のギリシア人の植民市として起源し、古くはトラペズスTrapezusとよばれた。前400年、『アナバシス』の著者クセノフォンがギリシア傭兵(ようへい)隊の仲間とともにメソポタミアから敗走し、たどり着いた町として著名である。ポントス王国やローマ、ビザンティン帝国領を経てのち、1204年には、十字軍のコンスタンティノープル占領の際、この地に逃れた皇子アレクシオス・コムネノスによって始められたトレビゾンド王国の拠点となった。1461年にオスマン帝国領となり、皇帝スレイマン1世(立法者、壮麗者)はこの地で生まれた。城砦(じょうさい)、アヤ・ソフィア寺院、イェニ・ジュマ・モスクなどの史跡やカラデニス(黒海)大学がある。南30キロメートルの山中にも5世紀に建てられたスメラ僧院の遺跡がある。 [末尾至行] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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