Natural vibration

Japanese: 固有振動 - こゆうしんどう（英語表記）natural vibration

A natural vibration form that appears when a system vibrates in a free state. A system has several natural frequencies determined by its structure and internal conditions. When the natural frequencies are in a multiple relationship, such as the vibration of a string or an air column, the vibration with the smallest frequency in the set of natural vibrations is called the fundamental vibration, and those with frequencies that are integer multiples of that are called harmonic vibrations (→ fundamental vibration). Chladni diagrams are examples of diagrams that show the natural vibration of a plate. Clocks keep time by the natural vibrations of a pendulum, hair spring, quartz rod, or quartz plate. Atomic clocks are very high-precision clocks that utilize the natural vibrations of transitions between specific energy levels of atoms or molecules, and cesium atomic clocks are used to define the unit of time, the second.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

系が自由な状態で振動するときに現れる固有の振動形式。系は構造や内部条件で決るいくつかの固有振動数をもつ。弦や気柱の振動などのように固有振動数が倍数関係にある場合には，固有振動の組のなかで最小振動数のものを基本振動，それの整数倍の振動数のものを倍振動という (→基本振動 ) 。板の固有振動の様子を示すものにクラドニ図形がある。時計は振り子，ひげぜんまい，水晶棒または水晶板などの固有振動によって時を刻む。原子時計は原子または分子の特定のエネルギー準位間の遷移の固有振動を利用した非常に高精度な時計であって，セシウム原子時計は時間の単位である秒を定義するのに用いられる。

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