Chǒnsikwa - Densai-ka (English spelling)

Japanese: 田柴科 - でんさいか（英語表記）Chǒnsikwa

The main rice field system in the Goryeo Dynasty. It began in the 1st year of the reign of King Jeongjong (976) and was completed in the 30th year of the reign of King Munjong (1076). The system was that the state provided rice fields (fields) and forest land (mountain forests) to central and local bureaucrats, military personnel, idlers (non-official personnel), etc. However, the provision of fields and forests does not mean the land itself, but the payment of rent derived from it. The land in the Jeonchaigae was cultivated by farmers (→Tonghu), and the state paid the rent obtained from these Tonghu to the landowners. The ruling class of the Goryeo Dynasty, the yangban class, formed a centralized bureaucratic system based on the law of the Jeonchaigae as their economic foundation. The content of the Jeonchaigae changed slightly over time, but the early version covered all civil and military bureaucrats and was divided into 18 categories according to official position. The first class, including the Zhongshu Ling, was given 100 knots of rice fields and 50 knots of forest land, while the 18th class, including the idlers, was given only 17 knots of rice fields. However, from the mid-12th century onwards, due to political turmoil, this rice field and forest land grant became a mere name.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

朝鮮，高麗時代の主要な田制。景宗1 (976) 年から始り，文宗 30 (1076) 年に完成した田制。国家が田地 (畑) と柴地 (山林) を中央，地方の官僚，軍人，閑人 (未仕官者) などに支給する制度。ただし，畑や山林の支給とは土地そのものではなく，そこから生じる租を支給することである。田柴科の土地には耕作者 (→佃戸 ) がいて，国家はこの佃戸から得た租を田主に支給する制度であった。高麗時代の支配階級であるヤンバン (両班)層は，この田柴科の法を経済的な基盤として中央集権的な官僚体制を形成した。田柴科の内容は時代により多少の変化があったが，初期のものは，文武官僚すべてにわたり，官職により 18科に分れていた。第1科の中書令などには，田 (畑) 100結，柴 (山林) 50結を給し，第 18科の閑人には田 17結のみを給した。しかし，12世紀なかば以降，政治の混乱によって，この田柴科は有名無実なものになった。

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