Cities built on hills primarily to defend against attacks by foreign enemies are generally divided into two types. The first type is called an "acropolis city," in which, like the Acropolis in Athens, a sanctuary or defensive structure was built on the top of a hill, and the residential settlement was built on the slope or on low ground. This type was common in medieval Germanic and Slavic cities during the period of Greek colonization. Examples include Edinburgh, Heidelberg, and Prague. Many of Japan's early castle towns were of this type, such as mountain castles and sange (mountain-lower) settlements. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
主として外敵の攻撃を防御するため,丘陵上に建設された都市で,ふつう2種類に分けられる。第1は〈アクロポリス位置の都市〉と呼ばれ,アテネのアクロポリスのように,聖所ないし防御施設が丘頂に築かれ,住民の集落は斜面あるいは低地に建設された。ギリシア人による植民の時代,ゲルマン人やスラブ人の中世の都市にはこれが多い。エジンバラ,ハイデルベルク,プラハなどはその例である。日本の初期の城下町も,たとえば山城と散下(さんげ)(山下)集落など,このタイプが多かった。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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