Somanshu - Somanju

A Chinese literary figure in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China. His given name was Xuanying, and his courtesy name was Shikoku. He was from Zhongshan County, Guangdong Province. He was born in Yokohama to a Chinese tea merchant and a Japanese woman. His adoptive mother was Kawai Sen. He returned to Guangdong in 1889, but returned to Japan in 1998. He became closer to the revolutionary faction when he entered the Waseda University Higher Preparatory School in 1902, and participated in the Youth Association and the Military National Education Association. In 1904, he attempted to assassinate Kang Youwei in Hong Kong, but failed. He wandered around Siam and Ceylon, studying Sanskrit, and came to Japan in 1907 with Liu Shipei and his wife He Zhen. Influenced by Zhang Binglin's nationalistic revolutionary theory and the Asian Peace Association movement, he wrote anti-Manchu writings and translated "The Records of the Salu Beachside Passage," which is believed to have been written by the Indian revolutionary A. Ghosh. He planned to publish "The Sanskrit Grammar," based on the works of F. M. Muller, and studied Sanskrit under Nanjo Fumio, but neither project came to fruition. He also planned to join the magazine "Xinsheng," which was planned by Lu Xun, but the project was never published. He was an admirer of Byron at the time, and published "Selected Poems of Byron" in 2008. In 2009, he became an English instructor at the Java Chinese School, and also participated in the literary society Nansha. After returning to China in 1912, he wandered Japan and China, writing poetry and novels, filled with anger and grief amid the chaos that followed the Xinhai Revolution. After the revolution, he showed a symbolist style of writing. His representative work is the autobiographical fantasy novel Dankou Reiganki (1912). He died of illness in Shanghai on May 2, 1918. The Complete Works of Su Manshu, edited by Yanagi Ako, was published in five volumes (1928), and was very popular in the 1930s. Due to his lineage, his works were widely introduced in Japan during the Sino-Japanese War.

[Shozo Fujii]

"Dankoreiganki" (translated by Akira Iizuka) (Heibonsha, Toyo Bunko)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、清(しん)末民国初年の文学者。名は玄瑛(げんえい)、字(あざな)は子穀(しこく)。広東(カントン)省中山県の人。横浜で中国人茶商人と日本人の女性の間に生まれる。養母は河合仙。1889年広東に帰郷したが、98年ふたたび来日。1902年早稲田(わせだ)大学高等予科に入学したころより革命派に近づき、青年会、軍国民教育会に参加。04年香港(ホンコン)で康有為(こうゆうい)暗殺を謀ったが未遂。シャム、セイロンを流浪してサンスクリットを学び、07年劉師培(りゅうしばい)・何震(かしん)夫妻とともに来日。章炳麟(しょうへいりん)の国粋革命論、亜洲(あしゅう)和親会運動の影響を受けて排満的文章をつづり、インド革命家A・ゴーシュ原作とおぼしき『娑邏海浜遯跡記(さらかいひんとんせきき)』を訳す。F・M・ミュラーの著作を下敷きにして『梵(ぼん)文典』出版を計画、また南条文雄に入門してサンスクリット研究を志したが、ともに果たさず。また魯迅(ろじん)が計画した雑誌『新生』にも加わる予定だったが、未刊に終わった。当時バイロンに傾倒し、08年『バイロン詩選』を出版。09年ジャワ中華学校英語講師となり、文学結社南社にも参加。12年に帰国してからは、辛亥(しんがい)革命後の混乱のなか憂憤を抱いて日本、中国を流浪し、詩・小説を著した。革命後は象徴主義的作風を示した。自伝的装いの幻想小説『断鴻零雁記(だんこうれいがんき)』（1912）はその代表作。18年5月2日上海(シャンハイ)で病没。柳亜子編『蘇曼殊全集』全五巻（1928）があり、30年代に非常に流行した。日本ではその血統のため日中戦争期に盛んに紹介された。

［藤井省三］

『飯塚朗訳『断鴻零雁記』（平凡社・東洋文庫）』

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