Hamarikyu Gardens

Located in Chuo Ward, Tokyo, this refers to the entire area located northwest of the mouth of the Sumida River, and the entire area is an Imperial Park. This area was originally the Tokugawa Shogun's falconry, but according to an entry in the Kofu Diary for November 29, 1632, a pond filled with seawater and an artificial hill had already been created the previous year, and part of the garden was already completed. According to the diary, the creators were Sorimachi Takebei and Gensai. In 1654 (Shoo 3), the fourth Shogun, Tokugawa Ietsuna, handed the area over to the Kofu Chancellor Matsudaira Tsunashige (the second son of the third Shogun, Iemitsu) as a lower residence, and it became Ohama Goten, and was also called Kofu Shimoyashiki or Kaite Yashiki. At the time it was about 15,000 tsubo (49,500 square meters), but since then it has been repeatedly filled in and expanded through the construction of gardens, and the current total area is about 75,620 tsubo (about 249,500 square meters). The garden is a comprehensive pond-style stroll-style garden favored by daimyo, with a large pond at its center, and the fact that the overall landscape design dominates and there are almost no partial designs to be seen indicates that many of the areas were renovated after the Kyoho era (1716-1736).

When Tsunashige's son Tsunatoyo became the sixth shogun, Ienobu, the site once again became the property of the shogunate and was renamed Hama Palace, with a teahouse, Buddhist temple, and duck hunting grounds built there, as well as a botanical garden and gunpowder factory. In 1866 (Keio 2) at the end of the Edo period, the site came under the jurisdiction of the shogunate's naval magistrate, but in 1869 (Meiji 2) it came under the jurisdiction of the Meiji government's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, with the completion of Enryokan, and the following year the gardens were transferred to the Imperial Household Ministry, and in 1884 the buildings were also transferred to the Imperial Household Ministry and the site became Hama Rikyu. On November 3, 1945 (Showa 20), the site came under the jurisdiction of Tokyo Metropolitan Government, and the following year it was opened to the public under the name Hama Rikyu Onshi Park. It is a Special Historic Site and Special Place of Scenic Beauty under the name of the former Hama Rikyu Garden.

[Shigemori Kando]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

東京都中央区にあり、隅田川河口の北西に位置する区域全体をさし、全体が恩賜公園。この地はもともと徳川将軍家の御鷹場(おたかば)であったが、『甲府日記』寛永(かんえい)9年（1632）11月29日の記などによると、その前年すでに海水を導いた池泉や築山(つきやま)がつくられており、庭園の一部ができあがっていたことが知られる。作者は、その日記によると、反町(そりまち)武兵衛と玄斎である。4代将軍徳川家綱(いえつな)から甲府宰相松平綱重(つなしげ)（3代家光(いえみつ)の第2子）の下屋敷(しもやしき)として下げ渡されたのは1654年（承応3）で、御浜御殿(おはまごてん)となり、甲府下屋敷、海手屋敷ともよばれた。当時は約1万5000坪（4万9500平方メートル）であったが、以後たびたび埋め立て、庭園の築造が重ねられて拡張され、現在の全面積は約7万5620坪（約24万9500平方メートル）に及ぶ。庭園は大池泉を中心にした大名好みの池泉回遊式総合園形式で、全体の景観意匠が主体で部分意匠をほとんどみせないのは、享保(きょうほう)（1716～1736）以降の改修部分の多いことを物語っている。

　綱重の子綱豊(つなとよ)が6代将軍家宣(いえのぶ)となったため、ふたたび将軍家のものとなって浜御殿と改称、茶屋、仏堂、鴨場(かもば)などもつくられ、薬園、火薬所なども置かれた。幕末の1866年（慶応2）には幕府海軍奉行(ぶぎょう)の所管となったが、1869年（明治2）明治政府外務省管轄となり延遼館が落成、翌年庭園が宮内省に移管、1884年には建物も宮内省に移管されて浜離宮となった。1945年（昭和20）11月3日、東京都の所管となり、翌年から浜離宮恩賜公園の名で一般公開された。旧浜離宮庭園の名称で特別史跡・特別名勝。

［重森完途］

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