Environmental health - Kankyohoken (English)

Japanese: 環境保健 - かんきょうほけん（英語表記）environmental health

A science that clarifies environmental elements that are closely related to humans and takes measures to address their effects on humans and harmful elements. It covers a wide range of topics, including air pollution, water pollution, noise, vibration, odors, land subsidence, soil contamination, global warming, and acid rain. The idea of risk assessment, standardized by the National Academy of Sciences in the United States, is applied to scientific judgments in environmental health. Specifically, it involves four steps: (1) discovery and identification of harmful effects, (2) examination of the relationship between the amount of environmental factors and the reaction, (3) examination of the amount of exposure, and (4) evaluation of the degree of damage that may actually occur based on the results of the above (risk assessment). In addition to this, regulations and measures taken by the government are called risk management and are distinguished from it.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

人間に密接な関係をもつ環境の要素を明らかにし，人間への影響と有害なものへの対策を講じる学問。公害による大気汚染，水質汚濁，騒音・振動・悪臭，地盤沈下や土壌汚染などをはじめ，地球温暖化や酸性雨など，扱う範囲は広い。環境保健における科学的判断には，アメリカのナショナルアカデミーで定型化されたリスクアセスメントの考え方が適用されている。具体的には，(1) 有害作用の発見と同定，(2) 環境要因の量と反応の関係の検討，(3) 暴露量の検討，(4) 以上の結果から実際に起りうる障害の程度の評価 (リスクの判定) ，の4段階を行う。これとは別に，行政による規制や対策はリスクマネジメントと呼ばれ，区別される。

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