Market town - Ichibamachi

Japanese: 市場町 - いちばまち
Market town - Ichibamachi

This refers to a town settlement that developed around a market where goods were exchanged. In ancient times, most goods were distributed through markets, so large and small markets developed in various regions, and market towns, along with political cities and port towns, formed the prototype of urban areas. The Middle Ages, the heyday of the market economy, were also the period when market towns were most densely distributed. In the early modern period, when the distribution of goods shifted to retail commerce, the number of market towns decreased. Nowadays, market towns are only found in developing regions such as Africa, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, Melanesia, and the New World. In these regions, market towns are often found in border areas where different ethnic groups live, or in areas where the same ethnic group lives but the topography and production conditions are different, and they are particularly common in places with good transportation access (river crossings, bridgeheads, ports, etc.).

Currently, some of the world's most famous market towns include Lyon in France, Frankfurt am Main and Cologne in Germany, Bruges in Belgium, Nizhniy Novgorod in Russia, Daegu in Korea, and Zhangjiakou in China. Large cities also have squares and streets that originated as market towns, and some areas still have thriving markets. Modern cities that originated as Roman towns in Europe have no exceptions to these market towns within their city limits. Many modern Japanese cities, towns, and villages have the character "ichi" (city) in their names, but most of them originated as market towns in ancient, medieval, or early modern times. For example, Hitoichi (One-day market), Futsukaichi (Futsukaichi) - Yokaichi (Hatsukaichi) (or town), Furuichi, Imaichi, Miyaichi, Kamiichi, and Shimoichi. Nowadays, there are few places where markets play a central role in distribution, but in parts of the Tohoku region and areas along the Sea of ​​Japan (such as Niigata), regular markets still exist and people gather there.

[Yukio Asaka]

"Market Village" by Yoshikazu Nakajima (1964, Kokin Shoin)

[Reference item] | City

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

物資を交換取引する市場を中心に発達した町場集落をいう。古代には、物資の流通はほとんど市場によったので、大小の市場が諸地域に発達し、市場町は政治都市、港町とともに市街地の祖型をなした。そして、市場経済の最盛期であった中世はまた市場町分布の最濃密期であった。近世に入って物資の流通が店舗商業に転換すると市場町は減少した。現在では巨視的にはアフリカ、中近東、東南アジア、メラネシア、新大陸などのうちの発展途上地域にみられるにすぎない。それらの諸地方でも市場町の立地地区は、異民族居住の境界地区、また同一民族の居住地域でも地形や生産条件を異にする場合は、これらの境界地区に多くみられ、なかでも交通の便のよい所(渡河点、橋頭、港など)に多い。

 現在、世界的に有名な市場町としては、フランスのリヨン、ドイツのフランクフルト・アム・マイン、ケルン、ベルギーのブリュージュ、ロシアのニジニー・ノブゴロド、韓国の大邱(たいきゅう/テグ)、中国の張家口(ちょうかこう/チャンチヤコウ)などがあげられる。また、大都市の市街地中にも市場町に始まる広場や街路があり、いまも盛んに市(いち)が立つ地区もある。ヨーロッパのローマンタウン起源の現代都市には、そうした市域内市場町が例外なくみられる。また、日本の現代市町村名には「市」がつけられているものが少なくないが、それらの多くは古代、中世、近世の市場町起源のものである。たとえば、一日市(ひといち)、二日(ふつか)市~八日市、廿日(はつか)市(あるいは町)、古市、今市、宮市、上市、下市などのごときである。現在、市場が流通の中心をなす所は少ないが、東北地方や日本海沿岸地域(新潟など)の一部では、いまも定期市がみられ、人々が集る所がある。

[浅香幸雄]

『中島義一著『市場集落』(1964・古今書院)』

[参照項目] |

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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