Terracotta - Terracotta (English spelling) Italian

Japanese: テラコッタ - てらこった(英語表記)terracotta イタリア語
Terracotta - Terracotta (English spelling) Italian

The original meaning is baked earth, red clay, or unglazed. It is a primitive form of clay modeling second only to mud modeling, and is thought to have been produced in parallel since the Stone Age. Models are made from rough clay with a high sand content and high iron content, then dried and fired at low temperatures of 800 to 1000 degrees Celsius. It has been used since ancient times to make vases, roof tiles, and bricks, and has been discovered in ruins in Mesopotamia and Egypt. Japanese haniwa clay figures and Chinese figurines are also types of terracotta. In particular, the small statues discovered in large numbers in the cemetery of the ancient Greek city of Tanagra are famous and are called Tanagra dolls. They were made around the 8th century BC, and many of them are dressed female figures, and are colored, realistically conveying the customs of the time. Other excellent terracotta works include the "Couple Coffin" in Etruscan art and the "Statue of Apollo at Beio," which decorated the roof of a temple. Terracotta was produced in Germany from the 14th century onwards, and in Italy in the 15th century, and fine pieces by Donatello and Luca della Robbia remain. Even in modern times, terracotta pieces such as "Kura-Kura" by Despio and "Suzanne" by Yuzo Fujikawa are made of terracotta, and Yoshi Kinouchi also left behind many small hand-twisted pieces.

[Mitamura Shunsuke]

[References] | Etruscan Art
Tanagra doll
Female figure holding a fan. 3rd century BC, terracotta, height 22.2 cm, Hellenistic period, Greek Metropolitan Museum of Art .

Tanagra doll


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

原語では焼いた土、赤土焼、素焼の意。泥塑に次ぐ原始的な塑造で、石器時代から並行してつくられたと考えられる。砂質の多い鉄分を含む粗粘土で造形したものを乾燥させ、800~1000℃の低温で焼成する。古代から壺(つぼ)や瓦(かわら)、れんがなどに用いられ、メソポタミアやエジプトなどの遺跡から発見されている。日本の埴輪(はにわ)や、中国の俑(よう)などもテラコッタの一種である。とくに、ギリシアの古代都市タナグラの墓地から多く発見された小像はタナグラ人形とよばれて有名である。およそ紀元前8世紀ごろの製作で、着衣の婦人像が多く、着色もされており、当時の風俗を写実的に伝えている。またエトルリア美術における「夫妻像棺」や、神殿の屋根を飾っていた『ベイオのアポロン像』も優れたテラコッタの作品である。14世紀以後のドイツ、15世紀のイタリアでも盛んにつくられ、ドナテッロやルカ・デッラ・ロッビアの佳品が残されている。現代においてもデスピオの『クラクラ』、藤川勇造の『シュザンヌ』などはテラコッタであり、木内克(きのうちよし)も手捻(てひね)りの小品を多く残している。

[三田村畯右]

[参照項目] | エトルリア美術
タナグラ人形
団扇を持つ女性の像。紀元前3世紀 テラコッタ 高さ22.2cm ヘレニスティック期 ギリシアメトロポリタン美術館所蔵">

タナグラ人形


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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