butterfly diagram

Japanese: butterfly diagram(英語表記)butterflydiagram
butterfly diagram

The average latitude of sunspot appearance starts at ±30°, passes through a peak at ±10°, reaches a minimum at ±5°, and at the same time a new sunspot cycle begins at ±30°. This law is clearly illustrated in the so-called butterfly diagram, named after its discoverer, E. Maunder (1861-1928) (Figure 2).
[Sunspot Temperature]
A spectrum of a sunspot taken at Mount Wilson Observatory in 1906 showed that most absorption lines were stronger than those of the surrounding photosphere, indicating a lower temperature.

*Some of the terminology that refers to "butterfly diagram" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…黒点の平均出現緯度は±30゜から始まって±10゜付近のもっとも黒点数の多いときを経て,±5゜付近で黒点数の最少期を迎え,同時に新しい黒点周期が±30゜付近で始まる。この法則をきれいに示したのが,バタフライ・ダイヤグラムbutterfly diagramと呼ばれるもので,発見者のモーンダーE.Maunder(1861‐1928)にちなんでモーンダーのチョウ型図と呼ばれる(図2)。
[黒点の温度]
 1906年ウィルソン山天文台でとられた黒点のスペクトルは,まわりの光球のスペクトルと比べてほとんどの吸収線が強く見え,温度が低いことを示した。…

※「butterfly diagram」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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